Asia Institute - Research Publications

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End date: 2017 × Author: Ohashi, Jun × Start date: 2017 ×

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    Elucidating the origin of HLA-B*73 allelic lineage: Did modern humans benefit by archaic introgression?
    Yasukochi, Y ; Ohashi, J (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-01)
    A previous study reported that some of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes in present-day humans were acquired by admixture with archaic humans; specifically, an exceptionally diverged HLA-B*73 allele was proposed to be transmitted from Denisovans, although the DNA sequence of HLA-B*73 has not been detected in the Denisovan genome. Here, we argue against the hypothesis that HLA-B*73 introgressed from Denisovans into early modern humans. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that HLA-B*73:01 formed a monophyletic group with a chimpanzee MHC-B allele, strongly suggesting that the HLA-B*73 allelic lineage has been maintained in humans as well as in chimpanzees since the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. The global distribution of HLA-B*73 allele showed that the population frequency of HLA-B*73 in west Asia (0.24 %)-a possible site of admixture with Denisovans-is lower than that in Europe (0.72 %) and in south Asia (0.69 %). Furthermore, HLA-B*73 is not observed in Melanesia even though the Melanesian genome contains the highest proportion of Denisovan ancestry in present-day human populations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in HLA-A*11-HLA-C*12:02 or HLA-A*11-C*15 haplotypes, one of which was assumed to be transmitted together with HLA-B*73 from Denisovans by the study of Abi-Rached and colleagues, were not differentiated from those in other HLA-A-C haplotypes in modern humans. These results do not support the introgression hypothesis. Thus, we conclude that it is highly likely that HLA-B*73 allelic lineage has been maintained in the direct ancestors of modern humans.
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    「ことばとその周辺」を批判的に分析する
    OHASHI, J ; Imamura, K ; Noro, K ; Kanda, Y ; An, I ; Najima, Y ; Najima, Y (Hitsuji Shobou, 2017-02-20)
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    (Im)politeness and relationality
    OHASHI, J ; Chang, M ; Culpeper, J ; Haugh, M ; Kádár, D (Palgrave Mcmillan, 2017-04-01)
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    メディアリテラシーで斬る官の文言とクールジャパン政策
    OHASHI, J ; Najima, Y (Hitsuji Shobou, 2017-02-22)