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    Using the Government Financial Reporting Framework to Redraw the State and Market Boundary in China: A Two-Step Approach
    Wong, C ; Zhao, M (The World Bank, 2018)
    After four decades of remarkable economic achievement under market reforms, the leadership has called for a reset in the boundary between the State and the Market as an important corrective to help China sustain rapid economic growth, by imposing hard budget constraints on government and insulating SOEs from local government predation. This could start with revealing and reviewing the current operation and finance of the government through the new Government financial reporting framework (GFRS). The sheer size of SOEs and their engagement in provision and finance of public goods and services poses great challenge for China to immediately adopt international standard for GFRS. Given their huge size and diverse characteristics, it is neither correct nor practical to include all SOEs in the public sector. We therefore proposed a two-step approach for using the GFRS to redraw the boundary of the state and market. The first step is to adopt an accounting framework that aims to provide a comprehensive count of government operation and finance, focuses on the fiscal impact of entities, and simplifies the reporting requirements for the vast majority of SOEs. The second step is to review the government operation and finance with an economic framework. It is also hoped that the exercise itself will stimulate further reform of SOEs and a rethinking of the division of responsibilities between government and market. While one should not expect to reach a clear and ideal division between the state and market overnight, with successive iterations, the exercise will lead incrementally to greater clarity and improvements, as the process of implementing the GFRS sets off a beneficent cycle for China’s economic transformation to a higher quality and sustainable growth.
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    Systems of Sustainable Consumption and Production
    Reuter, T ; Bengtsson, M ; Cohen, L ; Dendler, L ; Dewick, P ; Dobernig, K ; Fischer, D ; Jaeger-Erben, M ; Hofstetter, J ; Jensen, C ; Lambino, R ; Lorek, S ; Mallee, H ; McGreevy, S ; Quist, J ; Sarkis, J ; Schröder, P ; Stevis, D ; Vergragt, P ; Welch, D (Belmont Forum, 2019)
    With the global population projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, and in view of finite resource availability and resilience of the Earth system, current patterns of global development are not socially or environmentally sustainable. Solutions to address the underlying challenges are urgent and necessary, but to be effective they need to be accompanied by reductions in the total volume of consumption and production of goods and services. This determination is based on three compelling reasons. First, private consumption and its associated production are among the key drivers of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, especially among high-emitting industrialized economies. There is little evidence that decoupling of the economy from GHG emissions is occurring at anywhere near the scale and speed required. Second, investments in more sustainable infrastructure—including renewables—that are needed in coming decades will themselves require extensive amounts of energy, largely from fossil sources. This demand will expend a significant share of the global carbon budget established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and codified in the Paris Agreement. Finally, improving the standard of living of the world’s poor will appropriate another major portion of the available allowance.
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    Indonesia Facing Climate Change: Project Summary and Policy Brief
    Reuter, T ; Nurbaya, S ; Masripatin, N ; Aiwibowo, S ; Sugandi, Y (Kompas Book Publishing / Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2019)
    A comprehensive guide book on Indonesia’s response to climate change has not been available until now. The idea of producing such a guidebook was born from the realisation that all governments need to develop a coordinated and holistic approach now, as well as build strong partnerships with civil society and private sector actors. With the support of the Minister for Environment and Forestry, the honourable Ms. Siti Nurbaya Bakar, an editorial team was established, and numerous teams of authors with outstanding and complementary expertise created to represent major government divisions, research centres, NGOs and businesses in Indonesia that are prominently involved in shaping the national response to climate change.
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    Australia and the Anti-Trafficking Regime in Southeast Asia
    Song, J (Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2016)
    This working paper reviews recent trends in human trafficking in Southeast Asia and the status of the anti-trafficking regime in ASEAN member states. It examines the role of Australian governments in helping establish and develop anti‑trafficking legislation and national referral mechanisms in ASEAN states and argues more can be done for victim protection.
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    Draft Report on Tibet's Linguistic Minorities
    Roche, G ( 2018)
    This draft report provides new insights into the situation of the non-Tibetan languages spoken by Tibetans in the People’s Republic of China. Key findings are as follows: • Of the 20 languages surveyed, all are endangered (p4-5). • Experts believe that most of these languages will no longer be spoken by 2100 (p5). • Families are increasingly transmitting Chinese rather than their heritage language (p6). • All these languages are excluded from major social institutions such as media and education (p8-9). • Whilst Chinese dominates most social institutions, Tibetan dominates in religion (p8-10). • Speakers of minority languages typically face relatively mild levels of discrimination (p11). • Speakers of minority languages do not associate their language with their Tibetan identity (p12). • There appears to be a significant geographical basis to whether populations are shifting towards Tibetan or Chinese (p17
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    Tibetan Studies in Australia - Language and Education
    Roche, G ( 2018)
    As part of a series of articles in the IIAS newsletter on Tibetan studies in Australia, this article looks at: 1) the languages used by Tibetan studies scholars in Australia, and 2) the opportunities afforded by Australia's linguistics community for the study of language in Tibet.
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    Beyond Access: Making Indonesia's Education System Work
    Rosser, A (Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2018-02-21)
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    An anthropological perspective on transformations to sustainability: Meeting the demand for integrated social transformation with a political process of open and inclusive communication
    Reuter, T (International Social Science Council, 2017)
    Contemporary societies and their economies must undergo a transformation to sustainability without further delay if we are to avoid an unprecedented ecological and socio-political disaster. To achieve such a transformation, principles consistent with sustainable ecosystems and social systems need to be identified and applied systematically across all sectors. What are these principles in their most fundamental form, and how can they be applied?
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    Will ASEAN Continue to be the Cornerstone of Malaysian Foreign Policy: The “Community-building” Priority
    MILNER, A (Institute of Strategic & International Studies Malaysia, 2016)