Veterinary Biosciences - Research Publications
Permanent URI for this collection
Search Results
1 - 7 of 7
-
ItemDomain Adaptation and Instance Selection for Disease Syndrome Classification over Veterinary Clinical Notes(ASSOC COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS-ACL, 2020)
-
ItemFirst meeting "Cystic echinococcosis in Chile, update in alternatives for control and diagnostics in animals and humans"(BMC, 2016-09-13)This report summarizes the outcomes of a meeting on cystic echinococcosis (CE) in animals and humans in Chile held in Santiago, Chile, between the 21st and 22nd of January 2016. The meeting participants included representatives of the Departamento de Zoonosis, Ministerio de Salud (Zoonotic Diseases Department, Ministry of Health), representatives of the Secretarias Regionales del Ministerio de Salud (Regional Department of Health, Ministry of Health), Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario (National Institute for the Development of Agriculture and Livestock, INDAP), Instituto de Salud Pública (National Institute for Public Health, ISP) and the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (Animal Health Department, SAG), academics from various universities, veterinarians and physicians. Current and future CE control activities were discussed. It was noted that the EG95 vaccine was being implemented for the first time in pilot control programmes, with the vaccine scheduled during 2016 in two different regions in the South of Chile. In relation to use of the vaccine, the need was highlighted for acquiring good quality data, based on CE findings at slaughterhouse, previous to initiation of vaccination so as to enable correct assessment of the efficacy of the vaccine in the following years. The current world's-best-practice concerning the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for the screening population in highly endemic remote and poor areas was also discussed.
-
ItemUsing natural language processing and VetCompass to understand antimicrobial usage patterns in Australia(Wiley, 2019-08-01)Background Currently there is an incomplete understanding of antimicrobial usage patterns in veterinary clinics in Australia, but such knowledge is critical for the successful implementation and monitoring of antimicrobial stewardship programs. Methods VetCompass Australia collects medical records from 181 clinics in Australia (as of May 2018). These records contain detailed information from individual consultations regarding the medications dispensed. One unique aspect of VetCompass Australia is its focus on applying natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to analyse the records, similar to efforts conducted in other medical studies. Results The free text fields of 4,394,493 veterinary consultation records of dogs and cats between 2013 and 2018 were collated by VetCompass Australia and NLP techniques applied to enable the querying of the antimicrobial usage within these consultations. Conclusion The NLP algorithms developed matched antimicrobial in clinical records with 96.7% accuracy and an F1 Score of 0.85, as evaluated relative to expert annotations. This dataset can be readily queried to demonstrate the antimicrobial usage patterns of companion animal practices throughout Australia.
-
ItemA retrospective multi-centre study on treatment and outcome in disseminated aspergillosis in 41 dogs(American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2020)
-
ItemAMP is a more potent activator of phosphofructokinase-1 activity than fructose 2,6-bisphospate in porcine skeletal muscle under simulated postmortem conditions(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2017)Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is a key regulatory enzyme of postmortem glycolysis. PFK-1’s activity is regulated antemortem by a number of compounds including adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP). However, PFK-1’s postmortem regulation by AMP and F-2,6-BP is still unclear. Therefore, a study was conducted where porcine longissimus lumborum samples were collected to determine PFK-1 activity as affected by various concentrations of AMP and F-2,6-BP at buffered pH. Both compounds increased PFK-1 activity. However, at physiological concentrations, 50 and 150 μM AMP increased PFK-1 activity compared to 1 and 2 μM F-2,6-BP. Thus, AMP may play a greater role in dictating the rate and extent of postmortem glycolysis and pH decline than F-2,6-BP.
-
ItemMetabolic profiling of cytotoxic steroidal saponins in five Australian Panicum species(ISOPP, 2018-09-18)Up to 500 species of Panicum (panic grasses) are recognised worldwide, of which 24 species are indigenous to Australia and nine introduced. Recently, some of the introduced summer-growing annual Panicum spp. have been identified with high prevalence across southern Australia. Certain Panicum species have also been implicated in severe outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization in livestock, characterized by crystal-associated cholangiohepatopathy. The causal compound(s) responsible for liver dysfunction in livestock ingesting Panicum spp. have been previously identified as steroidal saponins. Although metabolic profiling of Panicum spp. has been undertaken in the USA and NZ, the saponins implicated in toxic outbreaks in Australia have not yet been identified. In this study, fresh shoot tissue from three introduced (P. capillare,P. hillmanii and P. gilvum) and two native (P. decompositumand P. effusum) species were extracted in methanol and analysed by UPLC/QTOF mass spectrometry. The relative abundance of key steroidal saponins was determined based on specific molecular features including retention time, mass spectra and fragmentation pattern when compared to saponin analytical standards. Distinct qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the saponin profiles of the Panicum species evaluated, including in the type, number and abundance of the saponins detected, such as protodioscin and pseudoprotodioscin.. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of shoot extracts collected from Panicumrelated photosensitization outbreaks will be performed to further identify key steroidal saponins and saponin profiles associated with hepatogenous photosensitization in grazing livestock.
-
ItemIdentification of eight Panicum species in Riverina region of NSW using DNA sequence analysisDNA sequence analysis(Council of the Australasian Weed Societies/ The Weed Society of New South Wales Inc., 2018-09-12)Australia has over 30 Panicum spp. (panic grass) including several non-native species that cause crop and pasture loss due to competition. To develop appropriate management strategies for each species, it is critical to correctly identify panic grass species encountered. Currently, panic grass identification relies on microscopic examination of the inflorescence and spikelets, an approach that is only useful for flowering specimens and requires significant taxonomic expertise. To overcome this limitation, we applied both morphological and molecular techniques for identification of Panicum spp. in the Riverina region of New South Wales. We identified three molecular markers: one nuclear gene region (ITS) and two chloroplast gene regions (matK and trnL intron-trnF) capable of differentiating eight Panicum spp. Concatenation of sequences from ITS, matK and trnL intron-trnF gene regions provided clear separation of eight species collected regionally and identified a maximum intraspecific distance of 0.22% and minimum interspecific distance of 0.33%. Based on comparison with verified voucher specimens, P. hillmanii Chase was prevalent and constituted 78.9% of all samples collected and identified. DNA barcoding represents an accurate and potentially cost effective tool for distinguishing Panicum spp. at the species level regardless of growth stage. Molecular markers may also be useful for accurate demographic analysis of Panicum grass invasion in Australia and abroad. http://caws.org.nz/old-site/awc_contents.php?yr=2018#v_p125