Architecture, Building and Planning - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailableIn praise of orthographic projections: Cinematic plans, history and application(Intellect, 2022-03-01)This article offers insights for architectural and design educators that teach emerging cinematic and filmmaking practices. Due to its interdisciplinary nature and its practice-based methodology, this article presents the research, pedagogy and practice for educators in the field of architecture and spatial design as well as other creative disciplines such as film, animation and digital media. The argument is substantiated by empirical observations and qualitative analysis of student filmmaking projects and first-hand experiments in a design studio environment. Direct observations made from experiments in a design studio environment in which more than 50 students were trained and numerous internationally awarded architectural films and animations were produced. The research outcomes illustrate how traditional orthographic drawing techniques can operate as highly useful instruments in the process of designing narrative pieces of digital media, animation and film about architectural projects. The pedagogical approach has the potential to have implications on the discourse, practice and pedagogy of the emerging common ground between architecture, spatial design principles, digital media and filmmaking.
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ItemComputer vision, causal inference and public health modelling approaches to generate evidence on the impacts of urban planning in non-communicable disease and health inequalities in UK and Australian cities: A proposed collaborative approach( 2023-04-19)ABSTRACT Background Given that the majority of the world’s population live in cities, it is essential to global health efforts that we design them in ways that both reduce non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk and that facilitate adoption and maintenance of healthy lifestyles. Current approaches tend to focus on the relationship between urban design-related factors that affect health at the local or neighbourhood level but few studies have explored this relationship both within and across entire cities, nor explored the causal pathways between urban-designed related factors and NCDs. The aim of this research program is to use computer vision, causal inference, and public health modelling methods for understanding the causal relationship between urban design and health at the neighbourhood level, and to explore intervention approaches at the city scale. Methods Phase 1 will use machine learning and computer vision techniques to analyse gridded, local-level aerial images (with an optical resolution of <20cm), of all UK and Australian cities with populations over 100,000. It will identify a variety of urban features within these images and derive associations between them and NCD incidence and risk factors identified through location-based health surveys. Phase 2, using data from prospective health cohorts and linked objective built environment data, will apply Bayesian networks to investigate the possible causal pathways between built environment, lifestyle factors, and NCD incidence. Phase 3 will estimate the health impacts of actionable changes in urban design. Using health impact assessment modelling, we will calculate the NCD burden that could be prevented if cities were to adopt urban features of healthier counterparts. A similar approach will be applied on finer-grained scale within all case study cities, enabling assessment of health impacts of changes in individual locations. Phase 4 will develop an interactive web-based toolkit to enable urban designers, planners and policymakers to inform the decision-making cycle, co-designed with intended users involving participatory workshops. Discussion We use state-of-the-art approaches to: (i) generate evidence on the impacts of urban planning and design in NCDs and health inequalities in UK and Australian cities, and (ii) provide stakeholders with tools for advocacy and designing healthier cities. Trial registration Not applicable.
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ItemPolicy relevant health related liveability indicator datasets for addresses in Australia's 21 largest cities(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2023-02-25)Measuring and monitoring the spatial distribution of liveability is crucial to ensure that implemented urban and transport planning decisions support health and wellbeing. Spatial liveability indicators can be used to ensure these decisions are effective, equitable and tracked across time. The 2018 Australian National Liveability Study datasets comprise a suite of policy-relevant health-related spatial indicators of local neighbourhood liveability and amenity access estimated for residential address points and administrative areas across Australia's 21 most populous cities. The indicators and measures encompass access to community and health services, social infrastructure, employment, food, housing, public open space, transportation, walkability and overall liveability. This national 'baseline' liveability indicators dataset for residential address points and areas can be further linked with surveys containing geocoded participant locations, as well as Census data for areas from the Australian Statistical Geography Standard. The datasets will be of interest to planners, policy makers and researchers interested in modelling and mapping the spatial distribution of urban environmental exposures and their relationship with health and other outcomes.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableMore-than-care: People with intellectual disability and emerging vulnerability during pandemic lockdown(WILEY, 2023-01-11)This paper offers more-than-care as a framework for analysing how vulnerability emerges in the lives of people with intellectual disability beyond relations of care. More-than-care detaches vulnerability from the identity category of disability. It provides a framework for conceptualising vulnerability in an unequal, neoliberalising, and ableist world and sheds new light on the ever-evolving constitution of vulnerability and disability. This intervention breaks with conceptions of vulnerability centred on care needs that leave other circumstances that inform vulnerabilities unexamined. Importantly, the framework shifts responsibility for managing vulnerabilities away from carers alone. The more-than-care framework is grounded in socio-material conceptualisations of disability and advances a tripartite framing of vulnerability. First, it grounds studies of vulnerability in histories of spatially uneven investment in infrastructure and resources that shape how care and other practices can assemble to produce, challenge, and manage vulnerability. Second, it recalibrates dominant conceptions of the temporality of vulnerability to ensure sensitivity to the unpredictability of emergent vulnerabilities. Third, in following a socio-material conceptualisation of intellectual disability, more-than-care expands discussions about agency in the context of vulnerability. These concepts are empirically examined through an analysis of how vulnerability emerges in the lives of four self-advocates with intellectual disability during Melbourne's first and second COVID-19 lockdowns. The analysis shows that vulnerability was highly dynamic and unpredictable as it emerged in complex socio-material assemblages that included care arrangements, embodied experiences and agencies, and past instances of neglect and exploitation.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableHow Historic Injustice Towards Bald Cypress Trees Contributed to Coastal Vulnerability In The Mississippi River Delta(American Society for Environmental History, 2022 Conference, 2022)In this study we build on recent scholarship which links injustice and vulnerability and extend these framings to the nonhuman world. We examine the environmental history of the lower Mississippi River Delta in relation to the life history of a central nonhuman character – the bald cypress tree (Taxodium distichum). Through this history we identify instances of injustice against bald cypress trees and highlight overlapping injustices with human communities. Our work shows connections between these injustices and link them to the impact on coastal vulnerability. These findings support a design framing which operates from the premise that diminishing justice leads to diminishing resilience. Consequently, we suggest that approaches to design for coastal resilience must seek to ensure just outcomes for humans and nonhumans.
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ItemDesigning for Extreme Weather impacts on Buildings(The Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA), 2022)In line with climate projections, extreme weather events have increased in Australian cities both in number and severity. Such events include heavy rainfall along the east coast, cyclone events along the north-west coastline and in far north Queensland, bushfires in the southeast and heatwaves across the continent. Current scientific modelling provides medium to high confidence that the effects of climate change will exacerbate these events even further. Much of the impact of these events is on private dwellings, in many cases in coastal, rural, or remote regions. Contemporary residential built environmental sustainability design in Australia commonly employs mitigation strategies seeking to reduce the potential impacts of long-term climate change, with regular reference to predictions of increased temperatures and sea level rise. However, extreme weather events are occurring now, and regulations and voluntary rating tools should be proactively addressing these critical issues. Despite extensive work on preparedness for extreme weather by researchers and Governments, practical design guidance is minimal with adaptation strategies relying on generic regulations and standards creating challenges for providing appropriate, cost-effective solutions specific to each different project location. This research reviews the regulatory and voluntary mechanisms currently in place in Australia that address extreme weather and highlights the gaps in design guidance and site-specific adaptation strategies to reduce impact of extreme weather on Australian houses.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableGuest editorial: A global housing affordability upheaval after Covid-19(Emerald, 2023-03-21)
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ItemDigitization of Construction Claim Management: The Case of Additional Cost Claims(Deakin University, 2021)Claims management is recognized as a complex phenomenon that often leads to disputes between contracting parties. A contractor can claim for many reasons including additional cost. Additional cost claims allow the contractor to recover cost occurred due to several reasons such as delays and/or disruptions, variations and escalations, which evidently result from events beyond the conditions of contract and control of contractors. However, the submission and evaluation of such claims is a challenging task for construction stakeholders because of the existing issues in the management of these claims using traditional approaches. Hence, there is a need realized by industry practitioners for shifting the traditional claim management process of these claims to a digital environment. This need can be fulfilled by a forthcoming Information and Communications Technology (ICT) platform such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). Therefore, in this research effort has been made to utilize BIM for effective management of claims for an additional cost that frequently occur in construction projects. To start with, issues in traditional claims management process of construction cost claims are identified, which is followed by development of a framework for a new system named as BIM - Based Cost Claims Management System (B-CCMS). Grounded on the Application Programming Interface (API) provided by one of the BIM software (Autodesk Revit), a plugin named B-CCMS is proposed for working of the developed system. The proposed system is expected to solve the identified issues in the management of additional cost claims, especially those related to documentation, time, resources, cost, presentation and impact. This will result in quick and transparent settlement of additional cost claims making it less prone to disputes between contracting parties.
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ItemNo Preview Available‘This is what gets people hired!’: Academic perspectives on employability skills in architecture and the potential impact of COVID-19(Deakin University, )This article presents findings from a recent study of academic perspectives towards employability in architecture. The aim of the study was to gauge the perceived impact of COVID-19 on employer values, and the degree to which these perceived changes were impacting teaching practices. Thematic analysis of data from semi-structured interviews with eight members of a postgraduate architecture community in Australia—including educators, practitioners, and students—revealed strong consensus. The relative value of skills such as teamwork and autonomy were deemed increasingly important following the widespread uptake of remote work. On the other hand, the value of competencies associated with the design process itself, as reflected in professional accreditation criteria, were perceived as stable. Most enlightening were participants’ views on how they believe employability skills are encouraged, observed and judged in academic contexts. By reinforcing how employability skill development tends to rely on the discipline’s tacit enculturation practices, this study raises critical questions about quality assurance and assessment practices within the architectural community. Embedded in these questions is the understanding that the challenge of employability skills assessment is entangled within the discipline’s failure to address its ongoing challenges around diversity, equity and inclusion.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableThe work readiness-career resilience linkage: implications for project talent management(EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD, 2020-12-24)Purpose There is a need for project management practitioners to adapt and thrive in today's volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) project-based workplaces. In this paper, the linkage between work readiness and career resilience is developed, presenting both concepts as critical for effective strategic responses and adaptation to the changing labor market in organizations. Design/methodology/approach The resource-based view (RBV) and integrated dynamic capabilities (IDCs) are the theoretical lenses that are used to link the concepts of work readiness and career resilience across the individual and organizational levels. Findings A framework and model are proposed to establish a holistic understanding of catalysts for addressing the VUCA context that organizations face. The proposed conceptual linkage adds a chronological dimension to the formation of the interrelated dynamic capabilities during the early career phase of project management practitioners. Practical implications The contribution to the project management literature includes a theoretically driven conceptual framework that links two complementary concepts to address the career challenges faced by project managers. Work readiness is positioned as an enabler of career resilience and together they constitute vital attributes which foster talent retention in the current VUCA work environment. Originality/value Work readiness and career resilience are underexplored topics in the project management literature, both individually and in conjunction. Specifically, there is a research gap in view of linking these two concepts to present them as a catalyst for project management talent sustainability, and the proposed framework is an initial step in addressing these gaps.