Architecture, Building and Planning - Research Publications

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Start date: 2020 × End date: 2022 × Author: Tiwari, Piyush × Author: Dharmapuri Tirumala, Venkata Raghu Rama Swamy × Author: Shukla, Jyoti ×

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    Household choices of sanitation infrastructure and impact on disease in India
    Tiwari, P ; Tirumala, RD ; Shukla, J (SAGE Publications, 2022)
    In the recent past, there has been a substantial push to increase the sanitation infrastructure in India to end open defecation and improve level of hygiene. The choice of the type of sanitation, however, depends on demographic, socio-economic, tenurial, cultural and sanitation surroundings, which not only impacts sanitation practices but also incidences of diseases. This paper empirically analyses the determinants of households’ choice of toilet facility and the relation between incidence of diseases and sanitation using National Sample Survey Office’s 76th round of the survey for 2018-19. The results indicate that the social, economic and cultural factors have significant impact on the households’ choices of a toilet. There is a preference for flush type toilets connected to a sewer among households with better socio-economic status. This research finds that the quality of microenvironment within which a household lives has a significant impact on the incidence of disease. The results imply that the interventions for improved sanitation need to be holistic, emphasising microenvironment improvement and providing better access to sanitation infrastructure and inculcating more hygienic behavioural practices.
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    Financial constraints to adequate housing: an empirical analysis of housing consumption disequilibrium and household decisions on meeting housing requirements in India
    Tiwari, P ; Shukla, J ; Tirumala, RD (Routledge, 2021)
    Households can mitigate the disequilibrium in housing consumption that they face during their lifecycle by moving to another house, rebuilding, extending or altering their current house. The option of moving is rarely exercised in India due to high transaction costs. The default option is doing nothing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of access to, and availability of, formal housing finance in determining the choice of housing disequilibrium mitigating strategies, using nationwide housing survey data for those who decided to mitigate housing consumption disequilibrium through rebuilding, extending or altering their current house. Multinomial Logit method is used to model household housing consumption adjustment choice. The results indicate that when the share of own funds as a share of total construction cost reduces, and the access to formal finance increases, there is a tendency to shift towards rebuilding rather than expanding or altering. The results are discussed in the context of a recent government policy, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Prime Minister Housing Scheme), that aims to improve housing conditions.