Architecture, Building and Planning - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailablePost-Disaster Reconstruction, Well-being and Sustainable Development Goals: A Conceptual Framework(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2022-09)Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of disasters. Low-income households living in low- and middle-income countries are most vulnerable to the effects of disasters. While efforts have increased for better disaster management since the adoption of the Sendai framework adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan in 2015 by 187 countries, the success rate of post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation has been debatable for disaster affected persons. The purpose of this article (which is the first part of our research on approach to post disaster reconstruction) is to propose a framework based on capability approach to understand the determinants of well-being that need to be restored for disaster affected persons. The second part will present results from application of this framework to examine the post-disaster reconstruction of affected persons in Chennai (India). Resettlement is a complex issue, and it requires a balance between protecting lives and livelihoods of those affected, as these are tied to a location, and protecting them from future disasters, the occurrence of which is also tied to a location. The article argues that a capabilities-based approach that aligns with sustainable development goals could provide a framework to identify components of a post-disaster management plan to satisfactorily rebuild the well-being of affected persons.
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ItemMeasuring Inadequacy in Compensation for the Compulsory Acquisition of Land: Evidence from Bengaluru, India(MDPI, 2022-05)Taking inspiration from the longstanding problem of inadequate compensation for the compulsory acquisition of private land for a public purpose, this research estimates the economic value of (i) future development potential of land or ‘hope value’; and (ii) depreciation in property value due to acquisition notification or ‘blight’. Using empirical data on property transactions conducted in the Bengaluru Mysore Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) project area and registered with sub-registrar offices in Bengaluru India during 2007–14, this research innovatively combines the duration model and hedonic price model to estimate the above. Results indicate that the current mechanisms for compensation are inadequately compensating for the land. The loss of the hope value ranges between 2.39 to 8.35 times the market value of agricultural land in 2006 and loss due to blight is approximately 31 percent. Compensating for these losses ex-ante should induce fairness in the compulsory acquisition process and reduce arbitrariness in the valuation of essential components of a compensation package, thus unburdening the valuation responsibilities of the legal institutions. These findings empirically support the argument of payment of additional monetary compensation to the market value of land and provide a rational measure of the same.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableHousehold choices of sanitation infrastructure and impact on disease in India(SAGE Publications, 2022)In the recent past, there has been a substantial push to increase the sanitation infrastructure in India to end open defecation and improve level of hygiene. The choice of the type of sanitation, however, depends on demographic, socio-economic, tenurial, cultural and sanitation surroundings, which not only impacts sanitation practices but also incidences of diseases. This paper empirically analyses the determinants of households’ choice of toilet facility and the relation between incidence of diseases and sanitation using National Sample Survey Office’s 76th round of the survey for 2018-19. The results indicate that the social, economic and cultural factors have significant impact on the households’ choices of a toilet. There is a preference for flush type toilets connected to a sewer among households with better socio-economic status. This research finds that the quality of microenvironment within which a household lives has a significant impact on the incidence of disease. The results imply that the interventions for improved sanitation need to be holistic, emphasising microenvironment improvement and providing better access to sanitation infrastructure and inculcating more hygienic behavioural practices.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableFinancial constraints to adequate housing: an empirical analysis of housing consumption disequilibrium and household decisions on meeting housing requirements in India(Routledge, 2021)Households can mitigate the disequilibrium in housing consumption that they face during their lifecycle by moving to another house, rebuilding, extending or altering their current house. The option of moving is rarely exercised in India due to high transaction costs. The default option is doing nothing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of access to, and availability of, formal housing finance in determining the choice of housing disequilibrium mitigating strategies, using nationwide housing survey data for those who decided to mitigate housing consumption disequilibrium through rebuilding, extending or altering their current house. Multinomial Logit method is used to model household housing consumption adjustment choice. The results indicate that when the share of own funds as a share of total construction cost reduces, and the access to formal finance increases, there is a tendency to shift towards rebuilding rather than expanding or altering. The results are discussed in the context of a recent government policy, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Prime Minister Housing Scheme), that aims to improve housing conditions.
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ItemAnalysing the process of compulsory acquisition of land through the lens of procedural fairness: evidence from Scotland(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2020-01-25)Compulsory acquisition of land is contested bitterly by affected landowners for various reasons including fairness in the compensation that is offered to landowners and fairness in the process that is followed in land acquisition by acquiring authorities. While there is a volume of research that has focussed on compensation, there is a paucity of literature analysing fairness in the process of land acquisition. This paper examines fairness in land acquisition using the case of Scotland, which is currently in the process of reforming laws and policies governing the compulsory acquisition of land. A primary survey was undertaken with stakeholders involved in a road project and information was analysed using ‘qualitative content analysis’. This research identifies the gaps in the existing process of compulsory acquisition using the theoretical lens of ‘procedural justice’ with a strong focus on the social psychology dimension and argues for the incorporation of basic principles of ‘procedural justice’. Fifteen major procedural gaps were identified, which include weak decision-making power of the members of the public in the identification and design of public projects; inadequate representation of objectors due to the high personal cost associated with representation in a public inquiry; time delays; information asymmetries and inefficient grievance management.