Architecture, Building and Planning - Research Publications
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ItemOn bank pricing of single-family residential home loans: are Australian households paying too much?(Global Research Unit, City University of Hong Kong, 2021)
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ItemON WELL-BEING OF HOUSEHOLDS IN JAPAN AND POST-DISASTER REINSTATEMENT(Asian Development Bank Institute, 2021)There are multidimensional short- and long-term impacts of disasters (natural and man-made) on human well-being. Despite this, restitution strategies have predominantly relied on asset-based approaches to measure disaster losses and craft such strategies. There is a growing realization that for comprehensive restitution of disaster-affected households, it would be necessary to take account of multiple dimensions of households' well-being and reconstruct all that constitutes it. When viewed from Sen’s “capability approach,” reconstitution of well-being equates to rebuilding households’ central capabilities that are necessary for a decent quality of life, e.g., having shelter security, food security, physical and mental health, and the like. With the intention of designing a “resilient compensation mechanism” that reinstalls the “capabilities” of households recovering from losses post-disaster, this research aims to identify essential determinants of households’ well-being that will be the focal point of post-disaster compensation or recovery mechanisms. The research uses Japanese household panel survey data (JHPS/KHPS) wherein households report their satisfaction with overall life and its five dimensions, namely housing, leisure, health, income, and employment. Further, this research identifies the main factors (including resources, personal characteristics and familial characteristics of households) that constitute households’ satisfaction across each of the five dimensions. Findings suggest that all five dimensions make significant and positive contributions to overall well-being, with leisure and health as the most dominant contributors followed by income, housing, and employment (in that order). Based on these findings, this research argues for designing a “resilient compensation mechanism” with a combination of monetary and nonmonetary strategies that assist affected households in reconstructing capabilities across multiple dimensions of life.
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ItemLand use management strategies for equitable infrastructure and urban development: overview of strategies and tools(Asian Development Bank Institute, 2020)In the absence of concise conceptualization of planning and land use management strategies, the scope of their discussion in literature has been wide, with different nomenclature for almost similar concepts. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the models and tools used for land management by grouping these models and tools, known by different names across disciplines and countries, along a primarily urban or periurban development continuum. The objective is to streamline the discussion on land management strategies on the basis of principles on which models and tools are based rather than their nomenclature.
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ItemThe housing conundrum in India(City University of Hong Kong, 2020)Recent housing policy discourse in India, which aims to achieve housing for all, has ignored the way households meet their housing needs and adjust deviation between desired and actual housing consumption. As in the past housing programs, there is reliance on an aggregate notion of housing shortage in recent central government program for housing for all, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), which gives credence to new housing construction. This chapter highlights the importance of distinguishing new housing construction from the requirements to upgrade or extend an existing house to adjust gaps in housing consumption. These other methods of adjusting housing gap is the practice that households adopt on ground. The other emphasis that this chapter places is on the understanding of housing gap at the state level as due to cultural, climatic and institutional differences, the nature of housing problem at the state level differs. As discussed in the chapter, there are differences in housing affordability and housing gap at the state-level. Access and penetration to formal finance and development approval processes also differ. These together indicate that an approach to addressing housing gap will require a shift away from the macro notion of housing shortage and would need sub-national interventions, which are contextual to states and augment households’ own efforts to adjust their housing consumption. This would mean programs should place larger emphasis on self-help construction activities and improving penetration of formal finance in less well-off states. Experience of PMAY also indicates that assisting upgradation or extension will have better success than building new to meet household housing consumption requirements.