Medicine (Northwest Academic Centre) - Research Publications

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Type: Journal Article × Subject: Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases × Author: Biggs, Beverley-Ann ×

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    Prospective population-based incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Thailand
    Rerks-Ngarm, S ; Treleaven, SC ; Chunsuttiwat, S ; Muangchana, C ; Jolley, D ; Brooks, A ; Dejsirilert, S ; Warintrawat, S ; Guiver, M ; Kunasol, P ; Maynard, JE ; Biggs, BA ; Steinhoff, M (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2004-02-25)
    There are limited prospective data for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in Asia, where some countries are considering vaccine introduction. A prospective population-based study was conducted to measure the incidence of Hib meningitis in children in two northern provinces of Thailand. Children <5 years with symptoms consistent with bacterial meningitis were enrolled in the study if inclusion criteria were met. The study enrolled 598 children with clinical meningitis, 76% of whom received lumbar puncture. The rate of probable bacterial meningitis was 26.6/100,000 children <5 years per year. There were four cases of laboratory confirmed Hib meningitis (rate 3.8/100,000 children <5 years per year). These findings suggest a relatively low incidence of Hib meningitis. However, additional data from studies of pneumonia are needed to define the Hib disease burden in Thailand.
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    Hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam and the implications for a National Program of Infant Immunization
    Hipgrave, DB ; Van, NT ; Huong, VM ; Long, HT ; Dat, DT ; Trung, TN ; Jolley, D ; Maynard, JE ; Biggs, BA (AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, 2003-09)
    To ascertain hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rates for Vietnam, we surveyed HBV markers in two districts of Thanh Hoa province. We randomly selected 536 infants (9- < or = 18 months old), 228 children (4 to < or = 6 years old), 219 adolescents (14 to < or = 16 years old), and 596 adults (25 to < or = 40 years old). On questioning, none of those surveyed had received vaccine against HBV. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and total HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) were measured in all specimens, and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) in those positive for HBsAg, and HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) were measured in all others. Current infection (HBsAg+) rates were infants = 12.5%, children = 18.4%, adolescents = 20.5%, and adults = 18.8%. Current or previous infection (HBsAg+, anti-HBc+, or anti-HBs+) increased with age (infants = 19.6%, children = 36.4%, adolescents = 55.3%, adults = 79.2%). Rates of HBeAg among those HBsAg+ were infants = 85.1%, children = 88.1%, adolescents = 71.1%, and adults = 30.4%. The epidemiology of HBV in Vietnam resembles that of many southeast Asian nations before introduction of vaccine. Immunization of newborns will have enormous impact on HBV-related morbidity and mortality there.