Pharmacology and Therapeutics - Research Publications
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ItemVenomous injury surveillance in Brazil and Australia(University of Melbourne, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2016-04-03)Reliable information of morbidity and mortality from venomous injuries are essential for effective state and national health policies for the prevention and treatment of this injury. Brazil and Australia are known for the numerous venomous animals that reside on these continents from snakes, scorpions to spiders. Nevertheless the burden of this injury is very different. Envenomation injury in Brazil is a notifiable event reported by the hospital. These notifications have demonstrated a burden of 206 per 100,000 people bitten or stung annually, whereas Australia demonstrates 36 per 100,000 hospitalisations per year attributed to a bite or sting. The overall health frameworks between the two countries are similar. Brazil has an established national health surveillance system, principles and guidelines to support the epidemiological understanding of injuries and accidents caused by envenomation, the logistical capacity to delivery timely medications and equipment and the education system to produce informed professionals. We will discuss the surveillance, health system framework to compare and contrast the two countries in order to identify areas of overlap and lessons learned between the two countries.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableMarasin Stoa Kipa training manual: Trainer of trainer manual(Oilsearch Limited, 2013-10-01)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableHospitalisation and deaths due to venomous bites and stings in Australia from 2000 to 2013(International society of toxinologists, 2015-09-28)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableDeath from venomous animals in Australia: not always in the bush(University of Melbourne, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2015-09-03)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableOilsearch Limited community health village based treatment access program(Medicine for Malaria Venture, 2011-06-03)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableA malaria program response to an outbreak in a Southern Highlands village, Papua New Guinea(Australasian College of Tropical Medicine, 2011-01-16)A malaria program was set up in the Papuan village of Tugiri in 2005 after an initial prevalence survey indicated a malaria infection rate of 20%. The program's goal to reduce malaria transmission at Tugiri had been achieved, with a prevalence rate of 2% recorded in 2009. In March 2009 an outbreak was identified through the surveillance system set up at the village - an outbreak that was the result of a series of events which combined to complete the malaria transmission cycle. Three response stages were initiated to address the outbreak that included access to diagnosis and treatment, education for health staff and community, and environmental control measures. Continuing surveillance indicated that the outbreak, and the local transmission cycle, had been broken by June 2009.
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ItemSnakes and Latitudes(The Intermedia Group, 2016-01-05)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableInjury trends from envenoming in Australia, 2000-2013(WILEY, 2017-02)BACKGROUND: Accidental injury is a major public health problem in developed countries with 20 years elapsed since a national overview of venomous bites undertaken in Australia. AIM: Provide the first contemporary epidemiological insight into venomous injuries based on demographics and geography nationally in Australia in the period 2000-2013. METHODS: An analysis of national hospitalisation and mortality data was undertaken to examine the incidence of injury and death due to envenoming in Australia. Rates were calculated using the intercensal population for all Australian age groups. RESULTS: Over the study period, deaths occurred due to an anaphylactic event (0.16 per 100 000), snake envenoming (0.13 per 100 000) or box jellyfish envenoming (0.01 per 100 000). Only 44% of cases involving anaphylaxis reached medical care prior to death, compared to 74% of those envenomed by snakes. Over half of all deaths (52%) occurred at home, and 64% of these occurred within a major city or inner regional area, with 48% of work-related anaphylaxis deaths. Hospital admission rates of 199 per 100 000 persons over the 11 years were caused by contact with wasps or bees (31%), spiders (30%) and snakes (15%), with a predominant age range of 30-44 years. CONCLUSIONS: The greatest burden of injury due to envenoming was caused by arthropods and snakes. Causes of death were led by anaphylaxis subsequent to an arthropod bite or sting, followed by death from snake envenoming. Over half the incidents resulting in death occurred at home, in areas where healthcare is accessible. Operational data routinely collected are informative, with variations of injury incidence between the States and Territories, indicating a need for a more localised approach to the management of this injury.