Obstetrics and Gynaecology - Research Publications

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Start date: 2003 × Author: Lappas, Martha × Author: Shub, Alexis × Author: Georgiou, Harry ×

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    The effect of breastfeeding on postpartum glucose tolerance and lipid profiles in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
    Shub, A ; Miranda, M ; Georgiou, HM ; McCarthy, EA ; Lappas, M (BMC, 2019-11-04)
    Background: We aimed to investigate the association of breastfeeding on postpartum glucose levels and lipid profiles in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and women without GDM. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a cohort study of 243 women, 159 women with GDM and 84 normally glucose tolerant women between 2012 and 2017. At approximately 6–10 weeks postpartum, we measured fasting blood glucose and plasma lipid levels. Breastfeeding behaviour was self-defined as exclusive breastfeeding or not exclusive breastfeeding. Results: The mean (SD) glucose in the group of women who breastfed exclusively was 4.6 (0.49) mmol/L, compared to 4.9 (0.58) mmol/L (95% CI 0.45, 0.15, p < 0.001) among women who did not exclusively breastfeed. Among women with GDM, the reduction in fasting glucose in women who were breastfeeding was 0.22 mmol/L (95% CI 0.39, 0.05, p = 0.004), and in women who were not GDM, the reduction was 0.14 mmol/L (95% CI 0.37, 0.09, p = 0.24,). After adjustment for GDM status in pregnancy, maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal age and ethnicity, and exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decreased fasting glucose of 0.19 (95% CI 0.318, 0.061, p = 0.004). After similar adjustment, there was no significant difference in triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between women who were breastfeeding and women who were not breastfeeding. Conclusions: Breastfeeding is associated with a reduction in fasting glucose levels postpartum, but not maternal lipid profile. Breastfeeding may play a role in reducing glucose intolerance in women who have had GDM.
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    Postpartum circulating cell-free insulin DNA levels are higher in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus who develop type 2 diabetes in later life
    Lappas, M ; Georgiou, H ; Wilcox, J ; Permezel, M ; Shub, A ; Maynard, C-L ; Joglekar, M ; HARDIKAR, A (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2019)
    Background. Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have evidence of postpartum β-cell dysfunction, which increases their risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) later in life. Elevated levels of circulating cell-free preproinsulin (INS) DNA correlate with dying β-cells in both mice and humans. The aim of this study was to determine if cell-free circulating INS DNA levels are higher in women with previous GDM who develop T2DM. Methods. We used droplet digital (dd) PCR to measure the levels of cell-free circulating methylated and unmethylated INS DNA in plasma from 97 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 12 weeks following an index GDM pregnancy. Women were assessed for up to 10 years for the development of T2DM. Results. In the follow-up period, 22% of women developed T2DM. Compared with NGT women, total cell-free INS DNA levels were significantly higher in women who developed T2DM (P = 0.02). There was no difference in cell-free circulating unmethylated and methylated INS DNA levels between NGT women and women who developed T2DM (P = 0.09 and P = 0.07, respectively). Conclusions. In women with a previous index GDM pregnancy, postpartum levels of cell-free circulating INS DNA are significantly higher in those women who later developed T2DM.