Veterinary Science Collected Works - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailablePATHOGENESIS OF VIRUS-INDUCED DEMYELINATION(ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 1993-01-01)Demyelination is a component of several viral diseases of humans. The best known of these are subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There are a number of naturally occurring virus infections of animals that involve demyelination and many of these serve as instructive models for human demyelinating diseases. In addition to the naturally occurring diseases, many viruses have been shown to be capable of producing demyelination in experimental situations. In discussing virus-associated demyelinating disease, the chapter reviews the architecture and functional organization of the CNS and considers what is known of the interaction of viruses with CNS cells. It also discusses the immunology of the CNS that differs in several important aspects from that of the rest of the body. Experimental models of viral-induced demyelination have also been considered. Viruses capable of producing demyelinating disease have no common taxonomic features; they include both DNA and RNA viruses, enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. The chapter attempts to summarize the important factors influencing viral demyelination, their common features, and possible mechanisms.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableTHE V5A13.1 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN DELETION MUTANT OF MOUSE HEPATITIS-VIRUS TYPE-4 IS NEUROATTENUATED BY ITS REDUCED RATE OF SPREAD IN THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM(ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS, 1992-03-01)Following intracerebral inoculation of adult Balb/c Byj mice, the MHV-4 strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) had an LD50 of less than 0.1 PFU, whereas its monoclonal antibody resistant variant V5A13.1 had an LD50 of 10(4.2) PFU. To determine the basis for this difference in neurovirulence we have studied the acute central nervous system (CNS) infection of these two viruses by in situ hybridization. Both viruses infected the same, specific neuroanatomical areas, predominantly neurons, and spread via the cerebrospinal fluid, along neuronal pathways and between adjacent cells. The neuronal nuclei infected and the spread of virus within the brain are described. The main difference between the parental and variant viruses was the rate at which the infection spread. MHV-4 spread rapidly, destroying large numbers of neurons and the animals died within 4 days of infection. The variant virus spread to the same areas of the brain but at a slower rate. This difference in the rate of virus spread was also apparent from the brain virus titers. The slower rate of spread of the variant virus appears to allow intervention by the immune response. Consistent with this, the variant virus spread slowly in athymic nu/nu mice, but in the absence of an intact immune response, infection and destruction of neurons eventually reached the same extent as that of the parental virus and the mice died within 6 days of infection. We conclude that the V5A13.1 variant of MHV-4 is neuroattenuated by its slower rate of spread in the CNS.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableTHE EMERGING ROLE FOR AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN PRODUCING FUTURE RESEARCHERS(New Prairie Press, 1997-01-01)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableINSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION, EXTENSION, AND RESEARCH: LESSONS FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT(New Prairie Press, 1997-01-01)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableFormal Agricultural Education: Origins of Agricultural Knowledge Systems(Asian Agri-History Foundation, 1997)
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ItemAttracting the Shining Stars to Agriculture.(Australian Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1997)While one will expect partnerships of convenience from time to time. the long-term prospect for agricultural education is based on the recognition of its role as an applied area of social and natural sciences supporting agriculture. Industry and research funders. among others. are also sending this message (Falvey and Ma!!hews. 1997). As an applied field, it behoves us to link strongly with all stakeholders in policy formulation. planning. implementation and funding.
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ItemFood and Environmental Science(Australian Science Teachers Association, 1997)The negative impact of food production on the environment is of increasing public concern and more sensitive production systems such as organic farming are often proposed. Such views miss the point that this global issue must be considered in terms of essential tradeoffs which require more and better science in the fields of food and environment, such as in agricultural science courses. Global population will continue to grow and demographic shifts and poverty will require massive increases in food production which can only be provided from intensive agriculture. Declining food prices and extreme poverty in some countries will continue to orient food producers to short term gains. All of these factors suggest that intensive agriculture restricted to suitable lands will be required for the foreseeable future. Balancing environmental care with food production is a challenge which continues to demand the best minds for research and education. We cannot isolate ourselves from the world in which we live.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableFood Production and Natural Resource Management(Informa UK Limited, 1998-01)
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ItemThe Future Shape of Agricultural Research(Australian Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1998)Agricultural research has changed in orientation since its inception; we must continue to expect change. Publicly funded, institutionalised research has been a significant development to, and through, this era and is evolving to a more mature system.
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ItemSTAKEHOLDER VIEWS ON AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA(New Prairie Press, 1999-01-01)