Faculty of Education - Theses
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ItemCultural preservation : the Estonian experience in Australia 1947-1987( 1987)This study is based on an historical perspective which traces the origins and development of Estonian organisations which are viewed as representing the 'conscious' attempts to preserve Estonian culture in Australia. The organisational problems and strategies to preserve the culture are examined in terms of the relationship between strategies used by the Estonian community and those used simultaneously by the wider community in response to changes in social relationships and emerging government policies. A major source for research material has been through oral history sources in interviews and contacts with several ethnic Estonians(primarily immigrants),who have been actively involved with organised Estonian cultural life : extensive interviews were conducted in Melbourne,Sydney, Thirlmere,Adelaide and Canberra; the writer has also spent almost twelve months being actively involved in some of the Estonian organisations including the Melbourne Ladies' Choir, Festivals and concerts. Other important sources of information include the Eesti Paevad Albums(Estonian Festival Albums, 1954-1986),historical writings about Estonia and Estonian people,contemporary publications, research and other projects, an original questionnaire for second generation Estonians,and the writer's participation in the National Research Conference on Ethnicity and Multiculturalism at the University of Melbourne (May 14 - 16) in 1986. Part 1 introduces the underlying concepts of 'culture', 'community' and 'ethnicity',with a section on the relevant historical and geographical background of Estonia and Estonian immigrants. Aspects of the Estonian culture within the Australian context are examined using an adaptation of Raymond Williams' interpretation of culture this study stresses the importance of creating a balanced interpretation of Estonian culture at three levels,that is,the 'living community','recorded' culture and 'selective tradition' in the argument for developing strategies for preserving the Estonian culture through the process of mainstream education. Part 11 follows on from the foundations laid by the 'Old Estonians'(pre-World War ll),and outlines the changing role of major Estonian organisations such as the Festivals,Choirs, Estonian school,the press,and to a lesser extent the Church,in preserving the Estonian culture according to emerging trends within the Estonian community and the surrounding culture. Part 111 highlights the nature of the 'ageing' and diminishing Estonian community in Australia,with - the emergence of the younger generation of ethnic Estonians in Australia as the vehicle for the creation and transmission of Estonian culture. The intercultural context and the nature of contemporary social relationships provide evidence of the change from the ethnic exclusiveness of the earlier period,to the widening framework for Estonian ethnicity and interest in preserving the Estonian culture. Many of the current developments from within the Estonian community and its wider context are presented as evidence of trends which are moving towards the realization of crucial strategies which are needed to preserve the Estonian culture in Australia through the process of education.
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ItemComputer-assisted instruction in history( 1987)The usefulness of computer-assisted instruction in the teaching of history is evaluated in this thesis. A number of evaluation schemes were reviewed and one, the MicroSift checklist, was applied in the assessment of some history programs used in schools in Australia. The MicroSift checklist was used within the context of Scriven's evaluation of software. Further evaluation of several of the programs was undertaken in two Melbourne Secondary Schools using Stake's Countenance Model. Questionnaires were administered to students and staff in both schools. Some evidence was found that the history programs had been well received in the schools. Comments have been made about the successfulness of employment of computers in Australian schools, and some recommendations offered for the development of appropriate software for South African use.
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ItemGreek educational system : 1900-1987( 1989)Examining the history of the Greek Educational System in the twentieth century, we discover widespread and constant demands for reform in order to meet the challenges of a modernizing nation-state. Politicians, administrators, parents and students at every period expressed the need for educational reform although fundamental differences in the. proposed remedies-can be observed. Yet, for a variety of reasons - political, economic, ideological, and social - most reforming proposals had very limited success, even though in some cases the related measures were legislated for. Generally, the educational reform impetus in every. period reflected the theoretical and ideological -perspectives and practical concerns of the governments in' power, as well as the 'conflicts ' and contradictions of a rapidly developing society with deeply rooted historical traditions. From its foundation to the present reforms, although it appeared that great efforts had been made to reform the structure and content of the Greek education system, because of circumstances or because of successful counter-reforms following changes in the ruling party, things remained basically unaltered. The movement for educational reform in Greece can be examined in terms of six historical periods when major attempts were made by the government to change the structure and content, of the educational system: (a) 1913 and 1917, under the administration of Eleftherios Venizelos' government; (b) 1929, under the administration of the Liberal Party headed by E. Venizelos; (c) 1957-63, under the first administration of Premier C. Karamanles; (d) 1964-65, under the government of G. Papandreou; (e) 1974-77, under the administration of Premier C. Karamanles and the "New Democracy" political party; (f) 1981-86, under the recent administration of the PASOK (Panhellenic Socialist Movement) government headed by A. Papandreou. Throughout the twentieth century educational reform has been considered imperative for the country's social and economic development. It is significant to note that the major thrust of educational reform has been to bring changes in the elementary and secondary sectors of the school system. Since 1974, however, there has been considerable pressure for the reform of university and other tertiary level institutions. An overview of the reform movement during the twentieth century will provide the necessary historical background and conceptual framework against which the contemporary educational reforms can be analysed and assessed.
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ItemDonald Clark : the first chief inspector of technical schools( 1980)Australia is a country which has always honored its pioneers. Our history, both written and oral, is suffused with images of stubborn battle against seemingly overwhelming forces of finance, economy, climate, and society. Our cities and towns are dotted with monuments proclaiming the strength of those who fought and won the battles. Donald Clark was Victoria's foremost pioneer of technical education. His life was an unending battle to make society realise the importance of technical education. His monument is the technical education system in Victoria, the schools and colleges that even today are organised along lines he established and according to a philosophy he propounded. What kind of man leaves such a monument behind him? This thesis will attempt to examine the development of Clark's beliefs and attitudes and will tell the story of the battles he fought in his lifelong effort to build in Victoria a system of technical education of value to the people, the State, and the world.
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ItemInterpreter services for Australian migrant communities and problems related to the provision and training of interpreters( 1986)A documentation of the development and implementation of support services for migrants must consider two types of support: 1. Assisting migrants to acquire English language skills in order to be able to function as members of the community, and an appreciation, by the community, especially by professionals and service agencies, of the difficulties resulting from incomplete or insufficient language competence and from cultural differences. 2. The availability of interpreter services for non-English speaking individuals and for those professionals or agencies servicing the needs of non- or minimal English sneaking individuals or groups. Though the need for interpreter services was initially thought to be a short-term need, based on the assumption that non- English speaking settlers would quickly acquire sufficient English language skills to be able to function as members of the Australian community, evidence, presented within this thesis, substantiates the claim that the need for interpreter services will be a long-term one in the Australian context. This thesis attempts to bring together information relating to policies developed and efforts made in the period of 1945 to the present day, in order to provide an overview of what has been achieved, the impact on the community and evaluation which has taken place. Documentation provided clearly demonstrates that the provisions made do not provide adequate interpreter services as support services to any but a small (if growing) percentage of those within the community who are linguistically disadvantaged, particularly as the services are largely based within government departments and not community based.
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ItemA comparative study of ten Victorian Protestant girls' school histories 1875 to 1920( 1985)In recent years a number of histories of independent girls' schools have been published and it now seems an appropriate time to draw together some aspects of this history. This thesis will trace some of the common features of these histories with a view to explaining the changes in the development of female education in Victoria during the period 1875 to 1920.(From Introduction)
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ItemA history of the psychology, guidance and welfare work of Counselling, Guidance & Clinical Services (formerly the Psychology Branch and the Psychology & Guidance Branch) 1947-1985( 1986)The development of the school psychology, guidance and welfare work of Counselling, Guidance and Clinical Services (formerly the Psychology Branch, then-the-Psychology and-Guidance Branch) 1947-1985 is presented. Archival material and interviews with former administrators provided the sources of the finding. On the whole, the services developed in the manner described in the literature on this topic. The very early work was in the traditional mode: psychometric, direct services to children. Subsequently, the range extended to include the four levels of intervention discussed by Joel Meyers (1973): direct services to children, indirect services to children, direct services to teachers and services to the school as a system. In addition, services to the Department/Ministry of Education and to the community of which the school is a part were provided. Some research was conducted and liaison with tertiary institutions and professional bodies was emphasized. The extension of the range of services appears to have been an appropriate response to the increasing demands on the psychology, guidance and welfare staff. Current developments in Victorian education suggest that, while all levels of intervention will be required, much attention should be given to services to the school system and to the community of which the school is a part. Services at the systems level, however, will continue to be geared to facilitating the optimal development of the individual child in the system. Suggestions for further research are made.
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ItemSocial studies in Victorian technical schools, 1938-1974( 1987)This thesis investigates the changes which have occurred in social studies in Victorian Technical Schools from 1938 to 1974. Social studies first appeared in Victoria when it was introduced into Preston Technical School during 1938. By the early 1940s social studies was starting to replace history and geography in most Victorian Technical Schools. Its status was low, and its course of study was usually reserved for those technical students who were labelled as under-achievers who would probably not progress beyond forms 3 or 4. The boys were relegated into the trades, while the girls headed for domestic courses. The teaching of social studies during the 1950s was undertaken by many teachers who had escaped from teaching subjects traditionally associated with an academic discipline, and by teachers who were unqualified. This situation remained virtually unchanged up until 1967. The whole "aura" of social studies and its curriculum went through something of a renaissance, which had its birth in 1967 at Burwood, Victoria, at the U.N.E.S.C.O. Seminar on the "Teaching of the Social Sciences at the Secondary Level". Immediately following the Burwood Seminar, the Victorian Advisory Committee on the Teaching of Social Science in Secondary Schools was established. In 1968 the Technical Schools Division set up a Standing Committee on Technical Schools Social Studies (SCOTSSS), and in the same year curricula autonomy was devolved, and the Director-General of Education in Victoria gave all schools in the state the right to determine their own curriculum. The Victorian Secondary Social Science Project (SSSP) was established in 1971 under the jurisdiction of the Victorian Advisory Committee, while the National Committee on Social Science Teaching (NCSST) held its first meeting in November 1971. In 1972 the Victorian Association of Social Studies Teachers (VASST) created a regular journal, Study of Society. Other key factors which have helped in the development of social studies have been the direct financial assistance from federal sources, overseas influence on social studies/ science teaching, a. rapid upsurge of student teachers completing social studies method courses, and a unique body of curriculum personnel working outside the Education Department. All of the above factors were instrumental in the re-birth of the subject of social studies in Victoria's Technical Schools since 1967.
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ItemAn Irish mission to the Antipodes: the Brigidine Order and its establishment in Beechworth( 1988)The Brigidine Order was founded by Dr. Daniel Delany in Ireland in 1807 under circumstances which helped it develop distinctive features in its attitude to social and educational mission. In 1886 four Sisters established a community in Beechworth. The thesis is concerned with the way in which the Order developed, the evolution of its particular brand of pedagogy and the circumstances under which it came to a provincial town in northern Victoria.
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ItemAspects of school library development in Victoria 1905-1944 with special reference to high schools( 1989)School libraries had been encouraged in State primary schools before the establishment of high schools, and the State Decoration and Equipment Society provided a subsidy for library books. However this Society collapsed in 1915 and no subsidies were available for library books until 1944, although voluntary effort was encouraged. School libraries in the early high schools were often no more than a book press or shelves in the office. In schools where there was a library room this room was used for other purposes as well. There was little promotion of the library for information or recreation. The period from 1920-1930 was marked by more official recognition of the need for better school libraries to support the humanities. This is evident from the pages of the 'Gazette' and from the reports of the Chief Inspectors of Secondary Schools but little action was taken. Modern teaching methods had some influence. During the period from 1930-1944 more use was made of modern teaching methods, which needed a good school library, and by the end of the period a subsidy on library books was introduced which was followed by other developments. By 1944 many school communities were pressing for library rooms. From the end of World War I school libraries had a place in an educational philosophy which believed that the schools should prepare the future citizens of a democratic society. The Department at times seemed to be looking to the public library movement as a solution to the problem of providing school libraries. Throughout the period and beyond school libraries lacked funds. Although the subsidy system was better than nothing it implied that access to good school libraries was not a pupil's essential right. The school library due to increasing enrolments had to compete with the provision of classrooms.