Faculty of Education - Theses
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ItemMandated curriculum change, the Victorian experience : the impact of the VCE on the practice, tools, and beliefs of teachers in three schools( 1998)This study aimed to explore the extent to which the externally mandated curriculum change - the VCE - had resulted in change in teacher practice, use of tools and beliefs. The study intended to discover if, as in other experiences of mandated curriculum reform, beliefs in the imposed system would follow a change in practice. This was done by the use of both quantitative and qualitative means. Teachers of the VCE in three schools were surveyed in this study. it was not the intention of the study to comment on the VCE itself, but on the way teachers believe it is best serving the cohort of students with whom they work. As the literature would suggest is true for mandated curriculum reforms, teachers in this study demonstrated change in many aspects of practice and the adoption of new tools. However, there are a number of aspects of the VCE which teachers believe are not serving the best interests of all students. Teachers in this study viewed positively those aspects of the VCE that allowed them the flexibility to cater adequately for all students. Those aspects of the VCE which posed difficulties were those that restricted the ability of teachers to cater adequately for all students.
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ItemVCE course development days, 1991 : an appraisal( 1992)This minor thesis traces the evolution and rationale of the development and implementation of the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) from its inception in 1987 to its first full year of operation in 1992. It outlines the design and operation of the professional development program undertaken to assist the implementation of the certificate. Its focus is an appraisal of the major element of the professional development program - the 1991 course development days. Three perspectives are offered in this account of the effectiveness of the 1991 course development days - a district evaluation, individual presenter's responses and a regional survey. The appraisal concludes with an overview and a set of recommendations for continuing professional development for VCE teachers beyond 1992.
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ItemThe Victorian Certificate of Education : the change process and teacher practice( 1995)There are two key issues in this study. Firstly, to examine the extent to which teacher practice has changed during the first year of implementation of the Victorian Certificate of Education's Year 11 Legal Studies study design - Unit 1 - Criminal Law and Civil Law. The second key issue is to explore the extent to which any change in teacher practice is due to the new course and the manner in which it was implemented. For this study I have used a case study approach with a series of cross-case techniques when analysing the data. Three cases were selected for study. Several different methods of data collection were employed. Specifically, external observation, systematic interviewing, collection and analysis of documents and checklists were used on a regular basis. To develop the cross-case synthesis I adopted cross-site analysis techniques as suggested by Miles and Huberman (1984) in their text Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. In order to plan this study, an overview of some of the key writings in this area was undertaken. Specifically, key writings on implementation and the process of implementation in relation to teacher practice were reviewed. This process is explored through the examination of several theories and models on implementation. How teachers perceive a change to existing curriculum programmes and the extent to which that curriculum leads to a modification in teacher practice is examined in detail. Particular attention is paid to the range of variables and interventions that can lead to a modification in teacher practice. The major findings and conclusions drawn from this study indicate that the teachers' pedagogical judgments, plans and decisions reflected a reasonably narrow collection of educational goals. These goals were shaped, in the main, by the realities of their classroom environments. The teachers prioritised most matters on a cost benefit ratio. This was particularly evident in relation to the intervention strategies. They also underwent a period of uncertainty about the change which compounded their reluctance to move away from established classroom practice and adopt certain teaching techniques that complemented the flexible nature of the study design. Decisions regarding teacher practice, therefore, were orientated around 'tried and true' techniques that met a number of preconditions. Specifically the need to balance the competing academic needs and interests of their students; student willingness to cooperate and feel comfortable with the teaching style adopted; perceptions of what the new content and assessment offerings required, and the limitations of time dominated their decision-making process. The end result was a general reluctance to discard established methods of teacher practice given these classroom 'realities'. The major findings, therefore, indicate that an educational change in terms of a modification to teacher practice was difficult to achieve.
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ItemSearching for a fair assessment( 1995)The full implementation of the VCE in 1992 represented significant changes to senior secondary schooling in Victoria. These changes were strikingly evident in the new assessment methods and procedures of the Art test CAT. The difference between the HSC Art Appreciation examination process and the 1992 VCE Art test CAT assessment was more than a difference in practices and methods. The ideological foundations of the two examination systems were vastly different. The HSC system served to rank students so that universities could select the best candidates. The BOS promoted the VCE as more 'equitable', 'accountable' and 'inclusive 'than the HSC. These concepts derived from the recommendations of the Blackburn Report (1985) which advocated major reform of the senior curricula and assessment. I interviewed five experienced Art Appreciation examiners in order to acquire a perspective of the two examination systems during' a time of change (1987-92) and ultimately focused upon the fairness values that were evident in the examination process. I compared published policy statements regarding fairness and equity with the examination practices that the five examiners described and analysed during our interviews. The theories of Foucault and Bourdieu enabled me to understand that examinations are part of a systematic social selection process. How can 'fairness' be defined and embodied in examination practices if examinations inherently represent a form of social power? Bourdieu and Foucault nourished this type of reflection. The Blackburn Report, the views of the five examiners and the social theories of Foucault and Bourdieu led me to consider the Art test CAT (1992) as a representation of the equity values that were defended by the BOS. Fullan's theories revealed that disorder usually accompanies educational change and added -another dimension to this investigation of 'fairness and justice' in the Art Appreciation examination (1987-92). In addition, this research study evaluates the practice of the BOS policy regarding equity and fairness, as evident in the VCE Art test CAT assessment process (1992), because the Board promoted the view that the VCE would provide greater equity and fairness to all Victorian students than the HSC.
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ItemAn evaluation of fleximode as a mode of provision for the VCE to adult students( 1991)Fleximode is the combination of study on-campus(i.e. attending classes) and off campus (i.e. private study using structured study materials). It is designed for people who cannot attend regular classes, but who prefer more support than is available through off-campus, or correspondence study alone. The study examines literature relating to similar modes of provision overseas and in Victoria. It reveals divergent views about the comparative merits of faceto- face and distance learning. The study reviews the provision of the VCE to adults by Fleximode across Victoria in 1987. Key players identified advantages: flexibility for students in pacing their studies, cost-effectiveness, and providing access to VCE studies for a group of adults who would otherwise not be able to return to study. On the other hand, many commented on the difficulties arising from the small size of groups and the lack of stable class composition in establishing a group identity and support system. Questionnaires from students showed that most chose Fleximode because it was seen as better than correspondence, and that employment prevented more frequent class attendance. Most found on-campus and off-campus components of Fleximode equally valuable. A case-study demonstrated that Fleximode students all achieved less than they would have in a regular VCE class. Small class sizes were valuable for addressing specific needs, but meant that less class discussion was possible, and the mode allowed less time for exam preparation and practice. The evidence suggests that Fleximode is a better option than correspondence in terms of student retention, learning outcomes, and successful course completion. Students have the best chance for success in face-to-face programs, but Fleximode should be developed to replace correspondence study for the new VCE for adults, and for carefully targetted groups who cannot participate in on campus programs.
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ItemThe impact of year twelve restructuring in Victoria on teaching and learning in three urban schools( 1995)In this study Year Twelve teachers were surveyed to determine whether they believed the educational needs of their Year Twelve students were better served by the earlier public policy of multiple Year Twelve courses, or by the current policy of a common course and certificate for all Year Twelve students in Victoria. The study was based on the experience of eighteen teachers in three schools which had developed strong alternative Year Twelve courses in the 1980s. An attempt is not made in this thesis to construct public policy, but rather to offer a critique of policy formation which appears to have been largely separated from socially responsive policy development at the school level. The Year Twelve teachers surveyed in this study believed that the final form of the Victorian Certificate of Education, settled under the influence of social functionalism, individualism and expertism, has failed to enhance motivation, commitment or competence in either themselves or their students.