Faculty of Education - Theses
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ItemEvaluation of web site design in online learning : a case study approach(University of Melbourne, 2002)As a result of economic rationalism and technological determinism, it has been argued that a global imperative to adopt Online Learning (OLL) is being driven by "megauniversities" (Bates, 1996, p.6), in order to deliver a mass-produced education (Clark, 1996; Laurillard, 1996). While this may have been enough for its initial justification, many now believe it should provide "value-added" (Leigh, 1997, pp.5-6), benefits that also improve the quality of learning as well (Alexander, 1996; Andres 1996; Laurillard, 1996). To accomplish this, some would argue, requires a paradigm shift away from traditional "Instructional" design approaches towards a model of "Constructivism" where the delivery of education becomes learner-centred (Alexander, 1996, p.5; Jonassen, 1994, pp.1-3). The capacity of the World Wide Web (WWW) to meet these demands is wellrecognised. Not only can it deliver "anytime, anywhere" (Bates, 1996, p.1), but by incorporating interactive hypermedia (IHM) it may be possible to create an environment where opportunities for "deep" learning (through "knowledge construction"), as well as "life-long" learning may occur (Alexander 1996, pp.5-6; Jonassen, 1994, p.2). Hence it is crucial that educators are able to make informed decisions about web design strategies in order to contribute to the process of maximising quality outcomes in OLL. The purpose of this study was to investigate student perceptions of two (2) contrasting OLL sites and any effects web usability design (Nielsen, 1997), may have had upon either site's potential to value-add to a user's learning experience. Conducted within a TAFE(1) setting by a teacher using students as volunteers(2), a qualitative case study approach was applied. Prior to this investigation a specific set of web usability design (WUD) guidelines was created in order to aid in the development a model OLL web site that aimed at promoting an interesting and stimulating learning environment while simultaneously reducing the cognitive load placed upon a user. A second site containing essentially the same subject material but contrasting dramatically in terms of its delivery design was then also produced. So that a comparative evaluation of these two sites could be made twelve volunteers, of mixed gender and generally representative of a TAFE student population, were recruited to act as heuristic usability evaluators. This study demonstrates that to promote the potential for a better quality OLL experience for students, careful consideration of web usability design (WUD) is important. That teachers can play an active role in the design, development and evaluation of an OLL program is also possible given that this case study shows that it is feasible to implement an iterative design strategy that is less costly and more time efficient than traditional computer engineering models. Consequently in the process of conducting this form of inquiry it was found that in the application of these WUD guidelines a strategy that provides a more responsive approach to student needs in OLL is achievable and that in the end this must be one of the key considerations in providing a quality learning experience.
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ItemCritical language awareness and academic writing skills in English for overseas post-graduate engineering students( 2002)This research project examines the problems associated with bringing overseas post-graduate students to a satisfactory level of competence in Engineering Academic Writing in English. Having acknowledged that the teaching of more and more English grammar does not resolve the problem completely, this research project explores the possibility that an intervention program, based on a Critical Language Awareness approach, offers a promising alternative. By bringing to the students' conscious level aspects of their writer identity, which include issues of experience, status and power relations, their interests, values and beliefs, their voice(s), practices and ownership of their writing and issues of accommodation or resistance to change, it is shown that there is limited but promising evidence that student writing can be brought to a satisfactory level. However, as cultural norms are embedded deeply, change cannot be brought about readily.
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ItemA Screenage aesthetic in drama( 2002)This reflective practitioner study was designed to investigate the ways in which screenage culture impacted on the development of students' artistic meaning making in drama. As a teacher researcher I focused on a five week play-building unit that was undertaken by a Year 9 and a Year 10 drama class. The unit allowed the students to introduce elements of screenage culture into their work. The students discussed the development of their plays and these discussions were recorded and analysed. Themes emerged from the initial period of data collection that led me to question the levels of engagement of the planned activity and to consider the quality of aesthetic awareness among the students. In order to provide multiple perspectives, and support the classroom observation data, interviews were conducted with six students and three drama teaching colleagues. The data analysis highlighted the impact of the context on the quality of classroom drama and the importance of encouraging diverse perspectives during classroom discussions in order to develop aesthetic awareness. This study emphasises the need for the teacher to make connections between the teacher's world and the students' world in order to develop aesthetic awareness in the drama classroom.
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ItemWhat are the blockers/facilitators for a science coordinator to integrate datalogging into science teaching( 2002)This project investigates a coeducational Secondary College Science Department that decided to introduce datalogging as a teaching tool. Datalogging is the electronic recording of data during an experiment using sensor probes. Decisions concerning the introduction of datalogging involved the science teaching staff, the laboratory technician and the Science Coordinator, all stakeholders in this process. This investigation was developed with the hindsight of a Literature Review, which provided the advice of others' experiences and catalogues the introduction in a case study format. Action research strategies were invoked through a series of focus interview questions, which provide a 'snap-shot' of the perceptions. From here a collaborative Change Management strategy of introducing datalogging into science teaching was produced. The factors that inhibited or prevented the use of datalogging in teaching were considered to be 'blockers'. Through interview questions the teachers and the laboratory technician were asked what they felt blocked their use of datalogging. The time required to become comfortable, familiar, confident and experiment with the equipment arose as the major concern for all teachers prior to using datalogging in science teaching, while the laboratory technician had more physical impediments. The technology capable participants did not encounter major hindrances. There was a constant limitation of equipment due to its expense, which was a factor accepted by all and where innovation in teaching style was required to overcome this impediment. However, all felt that visual 'memory-jogs' of the availability and uses of the equipment would encourage use. The factors that contributed to datalogging use were the 'facilitators'. These included a well rounded, informative and ongoing professional development strategy involving all staff members sharing knowledge combined with a laboratory technician who was conversant with the equipment, constantly promoting and encouraging usage and aiding the process. Throughout the project constant active problem solving emerged as a strategy by teachers whenever a 'blocker' was suggested. The advantage of collegial sharing through professional development was also recognised by staff and thought to integrate well when developing technology as a teaching tool. The process overall was time intensive due to lack of time in the working week when people are at different stages in embracing change and technology. Consequently whatever was learnt by individuals was regarded as worth sharing professionally.
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ItemAn analysis of the literature surrounding the theories of systematic design & constructivism to ascertain the relevance of each approach for the learning of soft skills-- Is the systematic model for designing Web-based training suitable for all learners?( 2002)The purpose of this paper is to analyse the literature surrounding the educational theories of systematic design and constructivism to ascertain the relevance of each approach to developing web-based training programs appropriate for both the development of soft skills in industry as well as appropriate to the needs of different learners. The systems approach, which advocates set objectives and criterion-referenced testing, has dominated the design of training for many years. However many current web-based training programs are not enabling learners to achieve the standards of performance required to compete in a global economy. Organisations are interested in developing employees who can solve complex problems and apply their knowledge to new situations. To achieve this goal organisations will need to utilise more Constructivist design strategies as they are best suited to complex, ill-structured knowledge domains. Emerging from the literature was support for the position that novices benefited from the more structured and linear approach of the systems model, whereas advanced learners required a more constructivist learning environment that advocates an open and problem-based approach, allowing more learner control and input.
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ItemMusic performance skill development : student perspectives( 2003)For musicians of all capability levels the continued development of skills in music performance is crucial. Performance skill development is a key area of study within music performance subjects at Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) level. In Units 3 and 4 Music Performance subjects, 75% of assessment relates to performance skill development outcomes. Given that such significant value is placed on the development of performance skills, it is relevant to examine student perspectives of the processes in which they are involved as they develop as performers. Exploring perspectives of students engaged in the development of music performance skills as part of VCE Music Performance studies was the key focus of this investigation. Student perspectives were investigated within a single VCE Music Performance class of eight students that I taught, using qualitative research techniques that allowed the personal narrative perspectives of students to be illuminated. Data collection methods included interviews, videotaped performances and student reflective activities. A theoretical perspective for the study was gained from music cognition and performance research and musical skill development literature. In exploring the perspectives of students whom I taught, I hoped to give a broader audience to the voices of students, as student perspectives are under represented within performance skill development literature. Through investigating the personal narrative perspective of individual participants, the complex nature of the development of performance skills for the individual became apparent. Participating students' perspectives of performance skill development incorporated elements that are valued within the structure of the VCE, together with past, present and future motivations. Student perspectives also valued intangible elements such as humour and friendships. The findings indicate that because of the personal nature of the process of performance skill development, it is crucial that teachers are aware of the perspectives of students. For music educators, gaining an understanding of the process of performance skill development from a student perspective should allow educators to better facilitate the process of performance skill development among student musicians as individuals.
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ItemParents' and staff' perception of quality in preschools( 2003)Effective working partnerships between parents and staff are widely recognized as a major factor that contributes to the delivery of high quality preschool services. Available research suggest that while parents and staff embrace a number of similar attitudes about quality in early childhood services, they also hold some differing perceptions. This study, conducted in a rural city in Victoria, explored how parents and staff agree and differ in their perceptions of preschool quality. Throughout the duration of the study both parents and staff expressed their beliefs about the importance of quality preschool services. The study found that parents and staff held similar perceptions relating to a number of factors which the literature has shown to contribute to quality, such as staff-child interactions, teachers experience and professional development. The study also found that their perceptions were divided in other areas which the literature identified as contributing factors such as the suggestion for the need to introduce a standard curriculum framework for all preschools as well as the need for parents to be involved in their children's preschool. The findings from this study can highlight the importance of strengthening the partnerships between parents and staff, necessary to enhance the delivery of high quality preschool services.
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ItemProfessional development of teachers and its contribution towards creating a learning community: a case study( 2002)This thesis examined the professional development programs available for teachers in service at a Victorian independent school and the contribution of these programs towards creating a learning community. A learning community was described for the purpose of this thesis as a successful shape of an organisation that is continually expanding its capacities. In order for schools to achieve that, transformation in teachers' perceptions of their own learning and professional growth must occur, and professional development of teachers should be embedded in their practice and anchored in their day-to-day life. Through a qualitative case study approach, the investigation explored teachers' attitudes and perceptions towards their learning, the professional development programs available to them and the contributions of these to the development of the school as a learning community. The research was concerned with identifying what is an effective professional development program from the perceptions of participants, and the characteristics of the school as a learning community. The study aimed at informing both the implementation of appropriate professional development programs and future policy formulation at the school under study, as well as challenging teachers' perceptions of their learning and role. Participants from the case study were interviewed using open-ended interview questions. The analysis of responses showed that participants perceived themselves as lifelong learners, understood their role as educators in a rapidly changing environment and preferred professional development programs that were embedded in their daily life to meet their needs and those of their students. Findings also showed that the school's leadership role had a significant impact on the learning that occurred at personal, interpersonal and organisational levels.
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ItemAn exploration of educational leadership development in Victorian state schools( 2003)This paper explores trends in leadership preparation and development and includes an investigation of exemplary practice within and beyond educational sectors, locally and internationally, approaches to educational leadership and the relationship between the maturity of leaders and their professional needs. The evolution of leadership development in Victorian State Schools is described and examined within that context and considerations for future programs, encompassing the consequent agenda, are explored. To apply such a diverse agenda to a turbulent world inspires images of chaos and so a design approach, informed by strategic intentions and underpinned by the shared values of leaders and their constituents, is proposed as an option to address that scenario. The conceptual design explored was developed by Hill & Crevola (1997) and has been applied to various aspects of school improvement in Victoria, Australia.
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ItemPreservice teacher education for the preparation of secondary teachers of english as a second language in Australia( 2003)English as a Second Language (ESL) education in Australia has undergone tremendous changes in the last thirty years or so. Along with the changes in policy, the roles of the ESL teacher have also changed, reflecting the changing socio-cultural, economic and political climate of the time. Several new roles that have emerged can be seen as being particular only to this group of teachers. Student-teachers need to be effectively prepared for the roles that they will take on upon completion of their teacher education programs. This study investigates the effectiveness of one preservice ESL teacher education program, particularly from the perspectives of student-teachers, in preparing them for their future roles as ESL teachers. The study reveals the varied opinions that student-teachers have regarding different aspects of their course di study and the factors which influence their perceptions. It also discusses suggestions of improvement made for such a teacher education program, from the perspectives of student-teachers, their course lecturers and a sample of trained ESL teachers.