Faculty of Education - Theses
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ItemUnderstanding the perceptions of primary school and early childhood teachers about the inclusion of children with special needs in regular classrooms( 2003)Today, many regular schools in the State of Victoria provide inclusive education programs. Educating children with and without disabilities is linked with upholding the rights of all children regardless of their class, culture, gender or developmental abilities. This study was aimed at exploring perceptions of early childhood and primary school teachers about the inclusion of children with special needs from six independent schools located in metropolitan Victoria. Data were analysed and compared to identify if there were differences in teachers' attitudes in relation to beliefs and values, feasibility of implementing inclusive programs in regular classrooms and their confidence to carry out inclusive practices. Findings indicated that all participants in the study were very positive about the philosophy of including children with disabilities in regular classrooms. Several factors were identified as major contributors to the positive perceptions of teachers. Data also revealed that teachers had many concerns regarding the implementation of inclusion in their regular classrooms. The findings of this study had implications for best practice to improve the implementation of inclusive programs in regular classrooms.
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ItemRethinking teachers' professional learning teams : a case study( 2003)This study afforded an opportunity to rethink teacher professional learning and change processes in schools. To examine these issues, this investigation focused on two school reform initiatives which expected teachers to work in structured teams in order to initiate, plan, and implement school change projects. The first initiative, or Project 2000 as it was known, was developed by teachers in the case study school as a means of introducing curriculum reform in Years 9 and 10 and as a vehicle for promoting teacher learning. The second initiative, the ICT Project, focussed on using information and communication technologies in English classrooms, and was built on the process findings of the first project. This research aimed, firstly, to investigate how a teacher team structure, referred to as a project-based professional learning team, may be used as a vehicle for work-embedded and ongoing teacher professional learning. Secondly, it aimed to explore teachers' perceptions of the factors that facilitate or impede a school change process that utilises project-based professional learning teams as a school improvement strategy. The findings from this study indicate that teachers perceived that, at the micro-level; the very existence of project-based professional learning teams can provide a structural support for teachers that promotes and sustains a new concept of professional learning that is ongoing, inquiry-based, work-embedded and meaningful to teachers. At the macro-level, the study points to the potential use of project-based professional learning teams as vehicles to initiate the process of reculturing schools as learning communities. This study has shown that, despite the constraint of time, teachers perceived that project-based professional learning teams can challenge cultures of teacher isolation and conservatism by promoting collaborative problem-solving and action learning, and by integrating teachers' work with their professional learning. The study also demonstrated that teachers perceived project-based professional learning teams can improve teacher knowledge, attitude and practices by challenging them in collective learning units to inquire and rethink current practice, to try new ways of doing things and by instilling new skills. Finally, this study has demonstrated that teachers perceived that project-based professional learning teams can act as a vehicle for school change to produce worthwhile outcomes for teacher learning, student learning and the school as a learning community. In re-thinking how teachers change, project-based professional learning teams offer a way forward.
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ItemTeachers' perceptions of their status : revisiting an old problem( 2002)Teachers in recent years have expressed a great deal of dissatisfaction with their status in society, consistently citing it as one of the most negative aspects of their work and role. Numerous studies have demonstrated that teachers believe their status in society to be poor and their work undervalued. However, surveys of the Australian public have shown that the majority views both schools and teachers positively, believing that teachers are dedicated to their students, and that schools in general achieve their educational goals reasonably well. The study set out to explore the reasons behind the discrepancy between teachers' beliefs about their status, and the good opinion of teachers expressed by the public in such surveys. In addition, the literature reveals that concern about professional status, while more intense in recent times, has been evident amongst teachers for many decades. This suggests that, while some of the changes to society and teaching may be intensifying teachers' concerns, there may also be structural aspects to the work of teaching that contribute to teachers' unhappiness about their status. The study identified both structural and environmental contributors to the problem, and a model of factors contributing to teachers' perceptions about their status was developed. Finally, the study explored differences between teachers' perceptions of their status amongst the broader community, and their status in the local school community. Teachers expressed more positive views of their status in their own school community, a finding which is important in understanding the impact of teachers' perceptions of their status on work motivation.
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ItemSchool-industry partnership : a clarification evaluation case study( 2002)School-industry programs are a rapidly growing aspect of vocational education in Australia. This study examined one of these programs. It sought to identify factors that led to the establishment of the program; the essential operational components within the program; and how the program advanced vocational education and training in the community in which it was located. Clarification evaluation was used as the investigation approach. Data were collected from documentary evidence and interviews with key program stakeholders (employers, teachers, training providers, and program staff). The investigation identified a number of key elements that were fundamental to its successful establishment. These were: shared common purpose to address local youth unemployment and industry skill shortages; and people that had the will and capacity to bring about structural change: External enabling factors were also important in establishing the program. These were: timely government funding; and visionary education authority personnel who facilitated the convergence of stakeholder groups. The study also showed that there were clearly identifiable factors that underpinned the program's operation. These were: good strategic and business planning processes; negotiating workplacements with employers and courses with training providers on behalf of local schools; running induction and skills programs to increase students' work readiness; supporting teachers to integrate workplace learning into the curriculum; supporting workplace supervisors to mentor students; and linking the school-industry program to complementary employment placement programs. Finally, the study demonstrated that if certain conditions are met in industry and schools, school-industry programs could advance vocational education and training in their local communities. These conditions are concerned with the state of the local economy, community identity, willingness to contribute education and training of young people (industry); and schools' demonstrated commitment to vocational education and training through resource allocation and flexible timetable structures. The findings of this study have the potential to influence the design and development of future school-industry programs in Australia. A framework is presented, along with a series of cogent recommendations. These should assist government, employers, schools and program managers to better design and implement school-industry programs that produce high levels of practical skills and knowledge in young people that enhance their employability and life chances.
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ItemProfessional development of teachers and its contribution towards creating a learning community: a case study( 2002)This thesis examined the professional development programs available for teachers in service at a Victorian independent school and the contribution of these programs towards creating a learning community. A learning community was described for the purpose of this thesis as a successful shape of an organisation that is continually expanding its capacities. In order for schools to achieve that, transformation in teachers' perceptions of their own learning and professional growth must occur, and professional development of teachers should be embedded in their practice and anchored in their day-to-day life. Through a qualitative case study approach, the investigation explored teachers' attitudes and perceptions towards their learning, the professional development programs available to them and the contributions of these to the development of the school as a learning community. The research was concerned with identifying what is an effective professional development program from the perceptions of participants, and the characteristics of the school as a learning community. The study aimed at informing both the implementation of appropriate professional development programs and future policy formulation at the school under study, as well as challenging teachers' perceptions of their learning and role. Participants from the case study were interviewed using open-ended interview questions. The analysis of responses showed that participants perceived themselves as lifelong learners, understood their role as educators in a rapidly changing environment and preferred professional development programs that were embedded in their daily life to meet their needs and those of their students. Findings also showed that the school's leadership role had a significant impact on the learning that occurred at personal, interpersonal and organisational levels.
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ItemPreservice teacher education for the preparation of secondary teachers of english as a second language in Australia( 2003)English as a Second Language (ESL) education in Australia has undergone tremendous changes in the last thirty years or so. Along with the changes in policy, the roles of the ESL teacher have also changed, reflecting the changing socio-cultural, economic and political climate of the time. Several new roles that have emerged can be seen as being particular only to this group of teachers. Student-teachers need to be effectively prepared for the roles that they will take on upon completion of their teacher education programs. This study investigates the effectiveness of one preservice ESL teacher education program, particularly from the perspectives of student-teachers, in preparing them for their future roles as ESL teachers. The study reveals the varied opinions that student-teachers have regarding different aspects of their course di study and the factors which influence their perceptions. It also discusses suggestions of improvement made for such a teacher education program, from the perspectives of student-teachers, their course lecturers and a sample of trained ESL teachers.
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ItemThe Influence of critical episodes on teachers beliefs and practices( 2002)Drawing on interviews with fourteen teachers from three different secondary schools, this thesis examines the importance of critical episodes in the formation of teachers' beliefs and practices. Teachers nominated a variety of experiences as being critical, from episodes that had occurred during their own schooldays, to their most recent classroom occurrences. These episodes were found to be crucial in determining their self image of the type of teacher they were. Some episodes involved formal professional development activities or post graduate study, and thus incorporated a theoretical basis for the beliefs and practices, but most were firmly rooted in the everyday lives of the teachers, and their experiences within and beyond the classroom.
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ItemCreating a learning community through establishing a professional action learning team( 2003)This study examines the creation of a learning community through the implementation of a model for professional development called Professional Action Learning Teams (PALT). Its purpose is to investigate PALT and begin to understand how its principles transfer to a setting in which professional development of teachers has been approached in a traditional manner. It is a study about teacher learning and examines the challenges of introducing a model that is collaborative and inquiry focused, work-embedded, and based on the constructivist paradigm. This was achieved by a qualitative analysis of teacher talk during professional development meetings and an analysis of teachers' learning journals kept throughout the study. Traditional approaches to professional development often ignore the teacher as a person and a learner. A culture needs to be established within schools where teachers are acknowledged as learners who need opportunities to grow and learn in their professional practice. While policies and research call for reform, schools appear to be slow in responding. The study revealed that PALT was a most effective approach to begin defining a new model for professional development that emphasises constructivism and adult learning principles. Two significant findings of the study were: � the value of dialogue in affecting pedagogical change; and � the need for teachers to learn in similar ways to their students that is by: studying, testing new ideas and reflecting; collaborating with peers; examining and analysing each other's work; and by sharing what they do.