Melbourne Graduate School of Education - Theses
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ItemThe school production : a study in four parts( 1991)An academic introduction to relevant material and an overview of the major philosophical themes and debates in Drama in Education over the past fifty years. This also provides important background information to the rest of the study, placing the school production, Drama, the teachers and the curriculum development work in a broader context.
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ItemThe identification of factors significantly correlated with out of tune singing and in tune singing in a class of fourth grade boys( 1991)This study sought to identify relationships between the ability or lack of it to sing in tune, and the attainment of four other physical and mental skills. The 49 subjects were 9 and 10 year old boys from an independent boys' grammar school. Testing procedure involved the use of song material, rather than single tone matching. None of the results showed a degree of significance that would justify further investigations study in these particular areas. Nonetheless, the absence of correlation between singing in tune and the ability to discriminate in tuneness seems to run counter to general opinion. It is suggested that a developmental programme for out of tune singers might include a vocal self-awareness component.
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ItemStudent stress : a preliminary investigation into the school-related stress experience of year 8 students, using a hassles and uplifts approach( 1991)This study sought to develop a hassles and uplifts scale as a measure of the school-related stress experienced by year 8 students in post-primary schools. A draft set of 167 items was developed after reviewing other scales that purport to measure stress, reviewing the broader popular literature on stress in young people and the authors informal discussions with year eight students over a number of years. The 167 items were then subjected to a simple consensual validation procedure using a small group of year 8 male and female students. A draft scale of 87 items emerged from this process. The draft scale was administered to 875 year 8 students in ten varying types of schools, including coeducational, single sex girls, single sex boys, urban, nonurban, government and nongovernment. The instrument was administered by suitably briefed classroom teachers. The responses of students were subjected to factor analysis. Preliminary whole-scale analysis indicated a high level of reliability. As a further indicator of the reliability of factors 14 factors were found to replicate across analyses (orthogonal rotation c.f. oblique rotation) of the whole group. The group was randomly split into two subgroups and the the analysis conducted on each subgroup. Eight factors appeared to replicate or substantially replicate across groups when an varimax solution was computed for each subgroup. Similarly, eight factors were found to replicate across subgroups. Key factors emerged from the analysis. It was concluded that, while further work was necessary in followup to this minor trial, a reliable and valid hassles and uplifts scale can be satisfactorily developed for the specific age group of students. Suggestions for the followup work and further research are outlined in the conclusion of this study.
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ItemPursuing school renewal in the midst of change( 1991)This study considers the implementation of the goals of the St. Bernard's College mission statement. The School Development Project, through which the mission statement was developed, is only considered in terms of its impact on the implementation phase. The mission statement goals are grouped under five headings: (a) faith development, (b) personal development, (c) curriculum, (d) communication, and (e) participation. The research questions group into four key areas: (a) the process of implementation, (b) ownership of the mission, (c) the achievement of goals, and (d) the impact of leadership. The literature suggested that change is difficult to create and sustain because implementing change is centrally concerned with changing people, and people find change difficult. Helping people change in loosely coupled" educational organisations is even more difficult as change then involves a political process of negotiation and agreement. A triangulation approach was adopted to collecting data. The school community was sampled using a questionnaire and those in key leadership roles were interviewed. Documentation linked to implementation was also collected and analysed. Research findings indicated that a planned strategy for implementation was not pursued and that implementation had been affected by major changes in leadership at the local and province levels. A planned strategy for implementation is now being developed at the college. The most effective strategy would require increased external assistance to develop expertise and support implementation at the local level.
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ItemSubtraction methods of secondary school students( 1991)This project investigates the subtraction methods used by secondary school students. Four subtraction questions, presented in vertical form, were answered by 1,370 students from Forms 1 to 6 at a private school for boys. The study documented subtraction methods which the students had not been taught at school but had made up. It was found that 136 students (9.9% of the sample ) used their own methods. One question revealed 37 different ways of working out the subtraction. The proportion of students using their own methods increased exponentially with year level. The students who used their own methods were compared with students who used taught methods. Analysis of pooled results from different year levels revealed a significantly higher proportion of students using their own methods in the under-achieving maths classes. The lateral thinking ability of students using their own methods was not different from that of other students.
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ItemLiterature and English teaching : a study of literature in the teaching of English at Scotch College, Melbourne( 1991)The first chapter of this thesis provides a personal memoir of my teaching career, and places it in the wider historical context of developments within English teaching in England and Australia. It establishes my own position at the key points of these developments in 1966, 1975, 1980 and 1985 and introduces the main area of interest - the place of literature in the teaching of English. The second chapter concerns the vast amount of writing on the nature and teaching of literature in English. It provides an historical review of the main body of this writing and derives some of its focus from the seminal work of John Dixon in 1966, as well as the Bullock Report of 1975. The vigorous yet sometimes slightly artificial debate on the issue of literature teaching is also examined in the review of the important journal, The Use of English. Chapter Three develops the ideas propounded in some of the writings examined in the previous chapter and provides an analysis of my own experience at Melbourne Grammar School. Chapter Four shows the similarities and differences existing between Scotch College and Melbourne Grammar School and details a more critical view of the state of English teaching from 1980 - 1990 at Scotch College. It reviews some of the specific examples of literature teaching and shows the slow progress which has been experienced over a decade within the College. The final chapter brings together the case of Scotch College and reviews possible future progress in the light of perceived difficulties inherent in the structure of the College. The general outlook for English at the College is seen in positive terms and suggestions are provided for further research into both the reading habits of students and the processes involved in the teaching of literature within the current restraints.
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ItemProvision for longer term residents in the Adult Migrant Education Program : an historical overview from 1947 to 1990( 1991)The aim of this study was to consider the reality of access of longer term resident adult migrants into English language learning opportunities in Australia across the period 1947 - 1990. Chapter 1 describes the background and justification of the research brief and refers to the processes and procedures taken in developing an analytical approach to the consideration of policy development and implementation. Chapter 2 outlines the range of available resource material while Chapter 3 provides a summary of the documentation. This summary is used to analyse the demands and the decisions and actions which impacted on access to the program. A set of basic assumptions is then developed and comments sought from a group of experts. A selection of indicative responses are examined in detail and the reliability of the assumptions is considered. In Chapter 4 the results of the findings are developed into a final statement. In doing so the researcher demonstrates the realities of policy development over a considerable period of time and shows that environmental factors play an important role in shaping the future from past and present experience. The study shows that the Adult Migrant Education Program was originally planned as an initial settlement program and at stages in the last forty years this focus has been restated. The concept of "longer term " residents did not exist in the early years of the program and the issue has emerged as an important factor in the discussions on equity of access to education.
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ItemNurses knowledge of postnatal depression( 1991)Postnatal Depression is a disorder which may occur in some women following childbirth. This research study includes, as a major component, an extensive review of. the literature regarding this disorder. A questionnaire was administered to eighty registered nurses, to survey their level of knowledge about Postnatal Depression. The design used was non-experimental with a descriptive approach to the data. The findings indicated that, (1) a limited amount of information was given to the respondents about the disorder, Postnatal Depression, during their preregistration course; (2) confusion exists between the disorders, Postnatal Depression, postnatal "blues", and puerperal psychosis; (3) many of the respondents failed to recognize the four listed symptoms related to Postnatal Depression, in the questionnaire; (4) further education is needed to enable registered nurses to recognize the disorder, Postnatal Depression, and to differentiate it from postnatal "blues" and puerperal psychosis.
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ItemThe education of an adult : the ideas of Martin Buber( 1991)Martin Buber regarded adult education as a means towards the transformation of societies through the process of community renewal. He insisted that the principal object of teaching adults should be to foster in them the spirit of action, and to make them the agents of their own learning. Education, to Buber, was a dialogue conducted between the teacher and the student. He was disturbed by the disillusionment and cynicism he observed in the modern youth of his time, and he saw the teacher-student dialogue as being concerned with the nurturing of hope and faith. Buber did extensive work in the field of adult Jewish education both intellectually and in practice. He was involved first in Germany during the period of the Nazi rise to power, and later in Israel, where he worked vigorously for the cause of community education and the training of teachers for adults. This thesis attempts to explore some of these issues. There are six chapters. The first is a biographical introduction, followed by a discussion of the development of Buber's thought from early mysticism to his later dialogical philosophy. The third chapter is devoted to his ideas concerning social education, which, he believed, would be a force that could bring about a revolution from within society against political power. The next two deal with Buber's convictions on such topics as creativity, freedom and authority and the process of education, leading to his adult educational activities in both Nazi Germany and Israel. Finally, attention is drawn to the influence of his ideas in. providing a philosophical foundation for the theories of other educationalists, such as Paulo Freire. An attempt has been made to demonstrate that in his theories of education, Buber applied the principles of this anthropological philosophy to the concrete realities of teaching and learning. In this way he has provided a valuable mechanism for the contemporary educator who may choose to use his suggestions in any critical evaluation of education.
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ItemTowards redressing the neglect of "dispositional knowledge"( 1991)Dispositional knowledge has been long neglected (with only few exceptions) by philosophers even though this topic should be of particular interest to philosophers of Education. All dispositional knowledge can be expressed in the grammatical form 'x knows how to 0'. So, in examining dispositional knowledge statements, we need only consider statements which are expressible in this form. Kyle's work on dispositional knowledge (or knowing how to) was misleading in that he assimilated cases of human dispositional knowledge with cases of physical dispositions. More recently David. Carr has proposed an alternative view of knowing how to which culminates in three criteria for the application of physical know how to an agent; these criteria are parallel to the widely acknowledged tri-partite account of propositional knowledge. Carr neglects an account of mental know how on the grounds that mental know how cannot be distinguished from mental ability. Carr's account of physical know how is flawed. And an analysis of mental know how is required. An examination of mental know how reveals criteria for mental know how which are parallel to the criteria for physical know how.