Faculty of Education - Theses
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ItemThe academic achievements of language centre students at a secondary college( 2001)What are the academic achievements of adolescent new-arrival English as a Second Language (ESL) students at secondary schools in Victoria, Australia? Research on Non-English Speaking Background (NESB) students in Australia has tended to neglect new arrival ESL students. To examine the academic achievements of this important subgroup of NESB students, the current study will highlight the academic achievements of a cohort of Victorian Language Centre students at a Secondary College over six years with interruption to schooling in their first language (L1) as the key variable linked to academic achievement in their second language (L2). Victorian Language Centres provide new-arrival ESL students with the English skills they need to start their secondary educations in L2. The current study examined the academic achievement of two groups of Language Centre students, those who completed their Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) and those who left the Secondary College prior to completing VCE. Their academic results were summarised into spreadsheets for quantitative analysis. Subsequent to the quantitative analysis interviews were conducted with four ESL students from the Language Centre currently completing their VCE studies to provide further insight into the factors that enabled them to do their VCE. Results indicate that the academic achievements of this cohort of ESL Language Centre students are poor and that interruption to education in Ll had a major impact on the students' ability to achieve academically at the Secondary College. The study suggests that L1 education is the key variable influencing the student's ability to acquire the academic language skills necessary to meet the academic demands of secondary education, particularly the VCE. Other factors such as support for learning and strong motivation were found to help students overcome difficulties encountered in their secondary education. However, students who were unable to overcome these difficulties left the College prior to completing VCE. It was concluded that the majority of Language Centre students faced uncertain economic futures once they left the Secondary College. The results of the study suggest that Language Centre students need more support and assistance to enable them to complete VCE or to access educational alternatives to the VCE. This study also suggests that more research into the effect of L1 education on L2 education be conducted as this was found to be the key variable in the students' ability to acquire the academic language skills necessary to meet the academic demands of VCE.
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ItemChinese/Anglo-Celtic bicultural children's education experiences in Australia( 2001)This study explores, through three case studies, how home, school and community factors have influenced the education and development experiences of Chinese/Anglo-Celtic bicultural children attending Australian schools. The worldwide lack of previous research on the education of bicultural children and the high outmarriage rate of Chinese-Australian women make it important to understand whether Chinese/Anglo-Celtic children experience similar or different education problems to those experienced by monocultural minority and mainstream children The data was collected from parents and children through questionnaires and individual interviews conducted at each family home. All the participant families were referred to the researcher by colleagues and were previously unknown to the researcher. The findings indicate that the children's home environments have influenced the varying levels of their Chinese and Australian cultural values and language skills. However, they all generally appear psychologically stable and have successfully integrated into their respective schools and mainstream society.
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ItemEthnic community schools in Victoria : case studies of three after-hours ethnic schools( 2000)In recent years, interest in the state of ethnic community languages in Australia has brought heightened attention to after-hours ethnic schools and the important role they play in the maintenance and development of languages other than English (LOTEs). While the importance of ethnic schools and their language teaching and maintenance role is today widely recognized by the Australian government, these schools also fulfil a number of other functions for their communities in addition to simply being providers of languages. A descriptive analysis of the cases of three after-hours ethnic schools and their current situation and role is presented in this study with the intent to compare and broaden the view of these schools and their roles and functions. This study examines the current situation and roles of ethnic schools in Victoria using a case study approach within a qualitative research method of inquiry. Extensive data were gathered from participant observations, document analyses, and interviews with parents, teachers and administrators associated with the Latvian, Chinese and Somali ethnic schools. The schools chosen for this study emanate from three very different communities, with contrasting cultures and varying histories of development in Australia. Hence, case studies of each of the schools illustrate their unique process of development; their distinct characteristics, curriculum emphases and instructional approaches; the ways in which the schools are organized and maintained; and their stated aims and goals. Findings from this study showed notable similarities and differences among the three schools. When comparing the schools, variations are in terms of the levels of education they offer, the size of their student enrollment, their curriculum emphases and instructional approaches, the ways in which the schools are organized and maintained, their student population and their varying levels of language competency, as well as differences in the degree of involvement of parents and members from their community. While differing in many respects, the prime aim of these schools is to teach and maintain their ethnic community languages and cultures. Their implicit functions are also to assist in family communication; to develop friendship and a sense of community among students, parents and other schools members; and to socialize and promote in students a strong sense of ethnic identity.
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ItemSuccessful leaders in successful schools: a case study of a government primary school principal in Victoria, Australia( 2006)The research examined the leadership behaviour exhibited by a principal of a successful school. It used a single case study of a successful primary school based in Victoria, Australia, using qualitative analysis involving structured open-ended interviews from the multiple perspectives of the principal, teachers, non-teaching staff, parents and students. This research ensured that teachers, other school staff, parents and students were able to comment and thus verify and add to the statements the principal made. The research continued work carried out by Day, Harris and Hadfield. It has contributed an Australian perspective to an international research project on this issue, the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP). The research found it was the principal who made a major contribution to the improvement of the school. Over his tenure as principal, and through his vision, dedication and passion, the principal improved the learning outcomes for all students at his school. He not only improved the academic nature of the school but created a safe and nurturing environment that encouraged the children to want to go to school and to succeed. The research reinforced a lot of what past research has suggested is required for a leader to make an impact or improve the situation in a school. He shared and articulated a clear vision that the staff made their own. The principal, being the main leader, and through empowering others, had made important contributions to student learning. He had mastered a core set of basic leadership practices, was and made everyone accountable for their results and performance, and sought and provided constant feedback. He was a spokesman and role model and defender of social equity and fairness. The research found that most of these qualities the principal displayed appeared to stem from the character of the man - his moral and ethical stance and his commitment to the principles of equity and social justice. His leadership style had extended beyond just transformational leadership to be better described as a highly political, value-led contingency model of transformational leadership. This research contributes to identifying the characteristics and skills that are necessary to create and maintain a successful school and to informing professional development programs for current and future principals.
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ItemA new wave of migrants in our classrooms: teenage refugees from south Sudan and their perceptions of learning English in Australia( 2005)Worsening civil conflict in Sudan since the turn of the century has directly led to a dramatic increase in the number of Sudanese refugees arriving in Australia. Teachers are now faced with the challenge of creating an effective learning environment for a new group of migrants with whose needs, experiences, attitudes and approaches to learning they are largely unfamiliar. New and ongoing research is imperative so that teachers may appreciate the learning needs of a people whose individual and cultural experiences are so different from those of migrants from Eastern Europe and Asia who have preceded them in their move to Australia. This study aims to investigate and gain insight into the ways in which teenage refugees from south Sudan, now living in Melbourne, experience the learning of English as a second language (ESL) in Australian classrooms. The research also aims to understand their major cultural and individual characteristics, and to ascertain how these qualities shape their perceptions of learning ESL. The research takes the form of qualitative study, which involves observation of the student participants in their natural classroom setting, followed by individual interviews with seven Sudanese learners and two of their classroom teachers. Through a collection of individual case studies, this research explores the perceptions of the English language learning experiences of the seven participants. Adopting a grounded theory approach to the study allows the researcher to follow leads presented by the data, without being bound by rigid hypotheses. Based on relevant literature and previous studies, a number of initial assumptions about the Sudanese as learners were identified at the outset of the study. The findings of this research, however, contest and therefore problematise these earlier conclusions. Results indicate the observed learning behaviour of participants, as well as the insights gained through their interviews, may not be not consistent with the current stereotype of the Sudanese learner in Australia. In other words, findings indicate that the classic stereotype of the Sudanese learner is not accurate for this age group. Because of this, a disparity exists between students' expectations of pedagogy, and their teachers' actual styles and practices. It is intended the findings may offer teachers a better understanding of the Sudanese experience. Further, it is hoped that these new insights will and identify areas of classroom pedagogy that can be improved in order to create a more effective learning environment which addresses the needs of their newest group of students.
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ItemIntegrating formative and summative assessments: finding time-efficient ways to support student learning and teacher reporting( 2009)This study has set out to find ways in which the formative and summative goals of assessment could be achieved using the same instruments. The motivation for this integration of goals was to achieve time efficiencies, so that teachers could implement formative assessment in a way that would have minimal impact on their time. The researcher developed five short questionnaires, referred to in this thesis as recap sheets. These consisted of questions on the Measurement topic and were used by the researcher as well as another teacher at the same school with their respective Year Seven classes. A third teacher participated in the study and did not use the recap sheets. At the end of the teaching sequence, all three teachers predicted the marks that their students would achieve on a summative test. The researcher then interviewed the other two teachers to ascertain the sources of their predictions. The quantitative analysis of the teachers' predictions has shown that they were capable of predicting the performance of the majority of their students within an accuracy margin of 10%. Furthermore, when used to allocate grades, the predictions of the most experienced teacher in the study discriminated between the students more sensitively than did the marks achieved on the summative test. Another finding of the study was that all participating teachers were most accurate in predicting the performance of the students who achieved the lowest 25% of the test marks. Furthermore, the recap sheets were found to be effective in supporting student learning. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that neither continuous formative assessment instruments nor an end of unit summative test are, by themselves, sufficient to generate an accurate report of a student's performance. The use of recap sheets and teacher predictions as described above was shown to be a minimally demanding way of increasing the accuracy of summative assessments for grading purposes, while providing great benefits to student learning.