Faculty of Education - Theses
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ItemDonald Clark : the first chief inspector of technical schools( 1980)Australia is a country which has always honored its pioneers. Our history, both written and oral, is suffused with images of stubborn battle against seemingly overwhelming forces of finance, economy, climate, and society. Our cities and towns are dotted with monuments proclaiming the strength of those who fought and won the battles. Donald Clark was Victoria's foremost pioneer of technical education. His life was an unending battle to make society realise the importance of technical education. His monument is the technical education system in Victoria, the schools and colleges that even today are organised along lines he established and according to a philosophy he propounded. What kind of man leaves such a monument behind him? This thesis will attempt to examine the development of Clark's beliefs and attitudes and will tell the story of the battles he fought in his lifelong effort to build in Victoria a system of technical education of value to the people, the State, and the world.
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ItemA comparative study of ten Victorian Protestant girls' school histories 1875 to 1920( 1985)In recent years a number of histories of independent girls' schools have been published and it now seems an appropriate time to draw together some aspects of this history. This thesis will trace some of the common features of these histories with a view to explaining the changes in the development of female education in Victoria during the period 1875 to 1920.(From Introduction)
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ItemA history of the psychology, guidance and welfare work of Counselling, Guidance & Clinical Services (formerly the Psychology Branch and the Psychology & Guidance Branch) 1947-1985( 1986)The development of the school psychology, guidance and welfare work of Counselling, Guidance and Clinical Services (formerly the Psychology Branch, then-the-Psychology and-Guidance Branch) 1947-1985 is presented. Archival material and interviews with former administrators provided the sources of the finding. On the whole, the services developed in the manner described in the literature on this topic. The very early work was in the traditional mode: psychometric, direct services to children. Subsequently, the range extended to include the four levels of intervention discussed by Joel Meyers (1973): direct services to children, indirect services to children, direct services to teachers and services to the school as a system. In addition, services to the Department/Ministry of Education and to the community of which the school is a part were provided. Some research was conducted and liaison with tertiary institutions and professional bodies was emphasized. The extension of the range of services appears to have been an appropriate response to the increasing demands on the psychology, guidance and welfare staff. Current developments in Victorian education suggest that, while all levels of intervention will be required, much attention should be given to services to the school system and to the community of which the school is a part. Services at the systems level, however, will continue to be geared to facilitating the optimal development of the individual child in the system. Suggestions for further research are made.
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ItemSocial studies in Victorian technical schools, 1938-1974( 1987)This thesis investigates the changes which have occurred in social studies in Victorian Technical Schools from 1938 to 1974. Social studies first appeared in Victoria when it was introduced into Preston Technical School during 1938. By the early 1940s social studies was starting to replace history and geography in most Victorian Technical Schools. Its status was low, and its course of study was usually reserved for those technical students who were labelled as under-achievers who would probably not progress beyond forms 3 or 4. The boys were relegated into the trades, while the girls headed for domestic courses. The teaching of social studies during the 1950s was undertaken by many teachers who had escaped from teaching subjects traditionally associated with an academic discipline, and by teachers who were unqualified. This situation remained virtually unchanged up until 1967. The whole "aura" of social studies and its curriculum went through something of a renaissance, which had its birth in 1967 at Burwood, Victoria, at the U.N.E.S.C.O. Seminar on the "Teaching of the Social Sciences at the Secondary Level". Immediately following the Burwood Seminar, the Victorian Advisory Committee on the Teaching of Social Science in Secondary Schools was established. In 1968 the Technical Schools Division set up a Standing Committee on Technical Schools Social Studies (SCOTSSS), and in the same year curricula autonomy was devolved, and the Director-General of Education in Victoria gave all schools in the state the right to determine their own curriculum. The Victorian Secondary Social Science Project (SSSP) was established in 1971 under the jurisdiction of the Victorian Advisory Committee, while the National Committee on Social Science Teaching (NCSST) held its first meeting in November 1971. In 1972 the Victorian Association of Social Studies Teachers (VASST) created a regular journal, Study of Society. Other key factors which have helped in the development of social studies have been the direct financial assistance from federal sources, overseas influence on social studies/ science teaching, a. rapid upsurge of student teachers completing social studies method courses, and a unique body of curriculum personnel working outside the Education Department. All of the above factors were instrumental in the re-birth of the subject of social studies in Victoria's Technical Schools since 1967.
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ItemPayment by results as an innovation in Victorian education: with particular reference to the period 1868-1878( 1978)From 1863 to 1905 Victoria paid its teachers under the system of "payment by results". This system had been introduced in England by the Revised Code of 1862 and a version of it was adopted by the Victorian Board of Education in 1863. The essence of the system was that portion of a teacher's salary became directly dependent on the performance of his students in examinations. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the system of payment by results was an unjust system based on unsound principles and that it encouraged teachers to concentrate too much of their efforts on the teaching for "results". The outcome was an excess of mechanical teaching, of "cram" and of rote learning. The system was unsound in principle because it was not based on any proven theory of pedagogy, but was introduced in order to satisfy a desire for economy and efficiency. It was unjust because it was based on an unfounded lack of trust in Victoria's elementary school teachers - as evidenced by the results regulations and, indeed, by the whole concept of payment for "results". We will see that built into the results formula were various punitive clauses which operated to penalise teachers unfairly for factors over which they had little or no control. Furthermore, under this system teachers were to become the only servants of the State whose livelihood depended, to a certain extent, on the "results" they produced. With the Education Act of 1872, the Education Department of Victoria came into existence - replacing the old Board of Education - and it inherited, and continued to apply, the system of payment by results. Under the new Minister of Public Instruction, the Education Department continued to support the principle of payment for "results". However, from 1873 to 1878 - as evidenced by a study of the Minister's and Inspectors' reports to Parliament - we see emerging a greater willingness on the part of the Department to concede that there was a good deal of merit in the complaints of teachers, and some important concessions were made accordingly. In 1877, Charles Henry Pearson was appointed to conduct a one-man Royal Commission into education in Victoria and, while Pearson found certain faults with the system of payment by results, he still believed that it was correct in its principle and should be retained in order to ensure a continued diligent effort on the part of the teachers. Pearson did, however, make some important proposals. He recommended that less of a teacher's income should be dependent on the "results", and he favoured doing away with the punitive regulations relating to age and attendance. These proposals would, he believed, eliminate many of the problems relating to mechanical teaching, to "cram" and to rote learning. His proposals, however, were not put into effect, and we see that, while certain amendments were made to the results regulations, and various proposals put forward for its modification, the essential nature of the system of payment by results remained unchanged throughout the life of the Board of Education - and for the first six years of Departmental control.