Melbourne Graduate School of Education - Theses

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    Teaching negative number operations: a comparative study of the neutralisation model using integer tiles
    Hayes, Robert Leslie ( 1998)
    The thesis describes an attempt to improve the teaching and learning of negative number concepts and operations. A teaching method based on the neutralisation model and using counters in the form of 'integer tiles' as the manipulative materials was developed and evaluated. The thesis begins with a review of the history and development of negative number. The influence that authors have exerted in embedding the use of the number line in signed number teaching practice was shown by examination of popular textbooks. Testing of classes across Years 8 to 11 revealed negative number skill deficiencies resulting from normal teaching methods. The major component of the research compared the integer tile method with normal teaching methods, in terms of learning outcomes, using a series of four tests of signed number operational skills and applications. Qualitative descriptions of student and teacher reactions and behaviour based on observation, interviews, conversations and examination of students' work by the researcher are also given. The experimental and control groups were shown to be well-matched on the pre-test. The experimental group performed significantly better on the post-test. The difference between the groups widened during the year following initial teaching. However no significant difference between the groups was found two years after the initial teaching. The evidence suggests that the integer tile method was more effective and for a wider range of student ability levels at the time of teaching than the normal method. Subsequently middle ability students in the control group were capable of catching up following application and practice in the use of negative numbers in later topics. However weaker students in both groups who did not fully master operational skills at the time of teaching continued to display skill deficiencies. The conclusion reached is that the integer tile teaching method could be a more effective initial negative number teaching method than normal methods based on the number line for most students. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of the integer tile method with weaker students.
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    We don't need another hero!: an action research study into effective leadership development in adults within a non-profit organisation
    Byrnes, Jennifer S. ( 1999)
    This research is a qualitative action research study to establish a framework for more effective development of leadership within adults in a non-profit organisation. It is focused upon a Leadership Community from a local parish within the Uniting Church in Australia. An initial Leadership Framework (developed from the previous experience of the researcher and from relevant scholarship) was established and as a guide for the development of leadership, in fieldwork amongst the Leadership Community. The insights and learnings from the fieldwork were then applied to re-conceptualise the Framework for further use within the wider Church, beyond the confines of this research. The fieldwork consisted in the Leadership Community's participation in eleven workshops over a period of four months. In the initial workshops, a variety of conceptual and informational approaches to teaching leadership, supported by interactive activities, was offered. Reflection upon the experiences within these workshops and additional scholarship led to a change in perspective in the subsequent workshops. Where the earlier sessions were teacher-centred and concept-driven, the later approach was participant-focused and practice-embedded. Concluding reflections and some further scholarship contributed to the reconceptualised Leadership Framework, where the notion of communities of practice became significant, as did the related notion of participation pathways and leadership identity pathways. The study therefore establishes the significance of the community learning approach, in which, the capacities of the participants are developed along with particular aspects of leadership, all embedded within the local practice of the participants. The once-lauded approach to leadership as the domain of the 'hero' is challenged by the exploration of the development of a density of 'participative' leadership practice, in which all members of a community can find legitimate leadership participation.