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ItemNo Preview AvailableMisogyny, Racism and Violent Extremism in Australia( 2024)Violent extremism has become one of the most pressing concerns for national security in Australia. Recognised by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO), the Australian Department of Home Affairs, and federal and state police as an acute and growing threat, addressing the motivations and pathways of radicalized individuals into violent extremism has become a top security priority. The first objective of Australia’s Safeguarding Our Community Together counter-terrorism strategy is “preventing radicalisation of individuals before an attack takes place, and rehabilitating and reintegrating violent extremist offenders.” The Australian counter-terrorism strategy now recognises violent extremism as coming in many forms, and as politically, religiously, or racially-motivated. The Australian Government’s approach to countering violent extremism focuses on addressing the societal drivers and developing early intervention strategies with vulnerable communities. However, the role of gender is largely unaddressed in this policy environment. Using novel survey data, our research analysed multiple underlying attitudinal drivers to radicalisation and tested the relationship between various attitudes and beliefs purported in the literature to drive radicalisation and their causal effect with support for seven forms of violent extremism amongst the Australian public. Our research finds robust evidence of underlying drivers to radicalisation that can help us better understand the causes of violent extremism and formulate more responsive interventions to prevent violent extremism. Specifically, our research finds that – across the ideological and religious spectrums of those expressing sympathies for violent extremism amongst the Australian population – racist and misogynistic attitudes are strong and significant causal influences. These findings have significant implications for existing preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) policy and strategy, as it provides evidence of not only the prevalence of these biased attitudes amongst the general population, but also shows the urgent need for a holistic approach to redressing racist and misogynistic attitudes as a matter of security urgency.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableAre Speed Bumps Beneficial?( 2023)This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on speed bumps and market quality. Speed bumps are deliberate delays in processing order messages on an exchange. The academic evidence shows that implementing a speed bump benefits the exchange instituting it. It enhances competition at the top of the order book and reduces quoted and effective spreads on the delayed venue
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