Melbourne School of Population and Global Health - Research Publications

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End date: 2021 × Type: Abstract ×

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 48
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    Independent evaluation of melanoma polygenic risk scores in UK and Australian prospective cohorts
    Steinberg, J ; Lee, JY ; Wang, H ; Law, M ; Smit, A ; Nguyen-Dumont, T ; Giles, G ; Southey, M ; Milne, R ; Mann, G ; MacInnis, R ; Cust, A (OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2021-09)
    BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that polygenic risk scores (PRSs) may improve melanoma risk stratification. However, there has been limited independent validation of PRS-based risk prediction, particularly assessment of calibration (comparing predicted to observed risks). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate PRS-based melanoma risk prediction in prospective UK and Australian cohorts with European ancestry. METHODS: We analysed invasive melanoma incidence in the UK Biobank (UKB; n = 395 647, 1651 cases) and a case-cohort nested within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS, Australia; n = 4765, 303 cases). Three PRSs were evaluated: 68 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 54 loci from a 2020 meta-analysis (PRS68), 50 SNPs significant in the 2020 meta-analysis excluding UKB (PRS50) and 45 SNPs at 21 loci known in 2018 (PRS45). Ten-year melanoma risks were calculated from population-level cancer registry data by age group and sex, with and without PRS adjustment. RESULTS: Predicted absolute melanoma risks based on age and sex alone underestimated melanoma incidence in the UKB [ratio of expected/observed cases: E/O = 0·65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·62-0·68] and MCCS (E/O = 0·63, 95% CI 0·56-0·72). For UKB, calibration was improved by PRS adjustment, with PRS50-adjusted risks E/O = 0·91, 95% CI 0·87-0·95. The discriminative ability for PRS68- and PRS50-adjusted absolute risks was higher than for risks based on age and sex alone (Δ area under the curve 0·07-0·10, P < 0·0001), and higher than for PRS45-adjusted risks (Δ area under the curve 0·02-0·04, P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS: A PRS derived from a larger, more diverse meta-analysis improves risk prediction compared with an earlier PRS, and might help tailor melanoma prevention and early detection strategies to different risk levels. Recalibration of absolute risks may be necessary for application to specific populations.
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    Uncovering Diverse Experiences Following Disaster Using Participant-Guided Mobile Methods
    Block, K ; Gibbs, L ; Snowdon, E (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2016-01-01)
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    Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Maternal Mortality Following Nonobstetric Abdominopelvic Surgery in Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Liu, J ; Cusimano, MC ; Zipursky, J ; Azizi, P ; Sajewycz, K ; Wong, E ; Ferguson, SE ; D'Souza, R ; Baxter, NN (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2021-11)
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    Association of Surgical Menopause with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
    Cusimano, MC ; Chiu, M ; Ferguson, SE ; Moineddin, R ; Aktar, S ; Liu, N ; Baxter, NN (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2021-11)
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    Suicide and neuroticism: a multicenter study
    Nardella, A ; Stefa-Missagli, S ; Giupponi, G ; Davok, K ; Holasek, SJ ; Kapfhammer, HP ; Rogante, E ; Berardelli, I ; Andriessen, K ; Krysinska, K ; Falcone, G ; Erbuto, D ; Moujaes-Droescher, H ; Pompili, M (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2019-04)
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    Suicide and spirituality: a multicenter study of Austrian and Italian psychiatric patients and students
    Falcone, G ; Stefa-Missagli, S ; Unterrainer, HF ; Giupponi, G ; Wallner-Liebmann, SJ ; Kapfhammer, HP ; Conca, A ; Sarlo, M ; Berardelli, I ; Krysinska, K ; Andriessen, K ; Nardella, A ; Erbuto, D ; Moujaes-Droescher, H ; Davok, K ; Pompili, M (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2019-04)
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    Is chlamydia testing in general practice sustained when financial incentives or audit + feedback are removed: a cluster RCT
    Hocking, J ; Wood, A ; Braat, S ; Jones, C ; Temple-Smith, M ; Van Driel, M ; Law, M ; Donovan, B ; Fairley, C ; Kaldor, J ; Guy, R ; Low, N ; Bulfone, L ; Gunn, J (BMJ Publishing, 2019)
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    The three Rs: recalls, reminders and retesting for chlamydia – views of GPs and young adults
    Vaisey, A ; Temple-Smith, M ; Yeung, A ; Wood, A ; Lorch, R ; Guy, R ; Donovan, B ; Fairley, C ; Hocking, J (BMJ Publishing, 2019)
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    Associations of DMT therapies with COVID-19 severity in multiple sclerosis
    Simpson-Yap, S ; De Brouwer, E ; Kalincik, T ; Rijke, N ; Hillert, J ; Walton, C ; Edan, G ; Spelman, T ; Geyes, L ; Parciak, T ; Gautrais, C ; Lazovski, N ; Pirmani, A ; Ardeshirdavani, A ; Forsberg, L ; Glaser, A ; McBurney, R ; Schmidt, H ; Bergmann, A ; Braune, S ; Stahmann, A ; Middleton, R ; Salter, A ; Fox, R ; van der Walt, A ; Butzkueven, H ; Rojas, J ; van der Mei, I ; Nag, N ; Ivanov, R ; do Olival, GS ; Dias, AE ; Magyari, M ; Brum, DG ; Mendes, MF ; Alonso, R ; Nicholas, R ; Bauer, J ; Chertcoff, A ; Zabalza, A ; Arrambide, G ; Fidao, A ; Comi, G ; Peeters, L (OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2021-09)
    Abstract Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are a vulnerable group for severe COVID-19, particularly those taking immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). We examined the characteristics of COVID-19 severity in an international sample of people with MS. Methods Data from 12 data-sources in 28 countries were aggregated (sources could include patients from 1-12 countries). Demographic (age, sex), clinical (MS phenotype, disability), and DMT (untreated, alemtuzumab, cladribine, dimethyl-fumarate, glatiramer-acetate, interferon, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, siponimod, other) covariates were queried, alongside COVID-19 hospitalisation, admission to ICU, requiring artificial ventilation, and death. Characteristics of outcomes were assessed in patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, MS phenotype, and EDSS. Results 657 (28.1%) with suspected and 1,683 (61.9%) with confirmed COVID-19 were analysed. Among suspected+confirmed/confirmed-only COVID-19, 20.9%/26.9% were hospitalised, 5.4%/7.2% were admitted to ICU, 4.1%/5.4% required artificial ventilation, and 3.2%/3.9% died. Older age, progressive MS-phenotype, and higher disability were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Compared to dimethyl-fumarate, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with hospitalisation (aOR=1.56,95%CI=1.01-2.41; aOR=2.43,95%CI=1.48-4.02) and ICU admission (aOR=2.30,95%CI=0.98-5.39; aOR=3.93,95%CI=1.56-9.89), though only rituximab was associated with higher risk of artificial ventilation (aOR=4.00,95%CI=1.54-10.39). Importantly, associations persisted on restriction to confirmed COVID-19 cases. No associations were observed between DMTs and death. Conclusions Despite the cross-sectional design of this study, the internal and external consistency of these results with prior studies suggests their use may be a risk factor for more severe COVID-19. Key messages Anti-CD20 DMTs may be associated with worse COVID-19 severity amongst people with multiple sclerosis.