Melbourne School of Population and Global Health - Research Publications

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Type: Conference Paper × Start date: 1996 × End date: 1999 ×

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    Exposure to dioxin and nonneoplastic mortality in the expanded IARC international cohort study of phenoxy herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers.
    Vena, J ; Boffetta, P ; Becher, H ; Benn, T ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB ; Coggon, D ; Colin, D ; Flesch-Janys, D ; Green, L ; Kauppinen, T ; Littorin, M ; Lynge, E ; Mathews, JD ; Neuberger, M ; Pearce, N ; Pesatori, AC ; Saracci, R ; Steenland, K ; Kogevinas, M (Environmental Health Perspectives, 1998-04)
    The authors studied noncancer mortality among phenoxyacid herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers included in an international study comprising 36 cohorts from 12 countries followed from 1939 to 1992. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or higher chlorinated dioxins (TCDD/HCD) was discerned from job records and company questionnaires with validation by biologic and environmental measures. Standard mortality ratio analyses suggested a moderate healthy worker effect for all circulatory diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, among both those exposed and those not exposed to TCDD/HCD. In Poisson regression analyses, exposure to TCDD/HCD was not associated with increased mortality from cerebrovascular disease. However, an increased risk for circulatory disease, especially ischemic heart disease (rate ratio [RR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.23-2.26) and possibly diabetes (RR 2.25, 95% Cl 0.53-9.50), was present among TCDD/HCD-exposed workers. Risks tended to be higher 10 to 19 years after first exposure and for those exposed for a duration of 10 to 19 years. Mortality from suicide was comparable to that for the general population for all workers exposed to herbicides or chlorophenols and was associated with short latency and duration of exposure. More refined investigations of the ischemic heart disease and TCDD/HCD exposure association are warranted.
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    Low affinity nerve growth factor receptor gene co-segregates with decreased bodyweight and increased left ventricular weight in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Kapuscinski, MK ; Nemoto, K ; Ueyama, T ; Charchar, F ; Kageyama, H ; Fukumachi, K ; Sekimoto, M ; Senba, E ; Tomita, T ; Tomita, I ; Harrap, SB (WILEY, 1996)
    1. The sympathetic nervous system influences the cardiovascular and hormonal systems and sympathetic innervation is dependent on nerve growth factor (NGF). The NGF gene is linked genetically to high blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and there exists a mutation in the SHR low affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR) gene. 2. To determine whether the LNGFR mutation was linked genetically with cardiovascular phenotypes we studied an F2 population derived from SHR and normotensive Donryu (DRY) rats. 3. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular mass (LVM) and related phenotypes were measured in 127 20 week old male F2 rats and correlated with the inheritance of the SHR mutation (S) and/or the DRY allele (D) of the LNGFR. 4. Analysis of variance revealed that the S mutation was associated with a significantly lower bodyweight in F2 rats (P < 0.0001). 5. The S mutation was associated with a significant (P < 0.007) increase in LVM:bodyweight ratio, but not with differences in right ventricular or kidney weights corrected for bodyweight. We found no association between MAP and LNGFR alleles or genotypes. 6. These results suggest that the mutation in the signal peptide of LNGFR may serve as a useful marker for the analysis of genetic factor(s) involved in the differential determination of body size and heart weight.