Melbourne School of Population and Global Health - Research Publications
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ItemThe Republic of Indonesia health system review(WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2017)Overview: Government investment in health has increased in Indonesia over the past two decades, but it is still inadequate. The insufficient facilities and workforce needed for public services has encouraged the growth of private health facilities. While noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are emerging as new priorities, problems of maternal and child health, nutrition and communicable diseases continue to persist. The progress on maternal mortality and communicable diseases has been slower, with maternal mortality remaining high (210 deaths per 100 000 live births in 2010), and continuing high incidences of tuberculosis (TB). Risk factors for NCDs, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, overweight and smoking are increasing. Indonesia remains the only country in Asia, and one of 10 worldwide, not to have ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Indonesia also suffers from significant regional disparities in terms of health status and quality, availability, and capacity of health services. Despite this, indicators of overall health status in Indonesia have improved significantly over the last two and half decades, with life expectancy rising from 63 years in 1990 to 71 years in 2012; under-five mortality falling from 52 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 31 deaths in 2012, and infant mortality falling from 41 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000, to 26 deaths in 2012. Indonesia has also experienced an increase in health infrastructure, including primary and referral health facilities, in the last two decades. Inpatient beds in both public and private hospitals as well as primary health centres (puskesmas) have increased. Human resources for health have also grown in the last two decades, with increases in health worker to population ratios. However, the ratios of hospital beds, puskesmas, and physician to population remain below WHO standards and lag behind other Asia-Pacific countries. Indonesia faces the challenge of increasing health expenditures, as nominal health spending has been steadily increasing in the last eight years, by 222% overall. Although there has been a substantial increase in health spending at the national level, health spending as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) remains below average among the low-to-middle-income countries (3.1% of GDP in 2012). The Government’s share of total health expenditure also remains low, at only 39%, whereas private, primarily out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, is 60%. Commencing in 2014, the government has introduced a national health insurance scheme (JKN: Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional) which progressively aims to expand coverage to cover the whole population by 2019. Moving forward, the challenge for the Government is to manage the expansion of this scheme, while addressing regional disparities in service quality and accessibility, managing resources effectively, containing costs and minimizing fraud, engaging the private sector, and maintaining investment in health promotion and prevention programmes.
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ItemDeveloping a Career Access Program (CAP) for people with intellectual disability in the Victorian public sector: The evidence base to inform the development and implementation of CAP(Department of Health and Human Services and The University of Melbourne, 2019)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableThriving After Disaster: A new way to think about support programs for kids(Natural Hazards Center, 2019)Commissioned report based on our our team's program of work in disaster recovery research. This report draws together work from several projects.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableWhat responses, approaches to treatment, and other supports are effective in assisting refuges who have experienced sexual and gender-based violence?(University of Birmingham, 2019)Violence, insecurity, persecution, and human rights violations have led to the forced displacement of an estimated 68.5 million people as of 2018 (UNHCR, 2018a). Of those 68.5 million, 25.4 million are refugees - the highest number ever recorded; 3.1 million are asylum seekers; and 40 million are internally displaced (UNHCR, 2018a). Humanitarian emergencies exacerbate the unequal power relations and structural inequalities that underpin the sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) experienced by girls and women, as well as boys and men (UNOCHA, 2016). In some humanitarian emergencies, more than 70 percent of women have experienced gender-based violence and an estimated one in five displaced women will experience sexual violence (UN Women, 2017). Conflict-related sexual violence against men and boys has been documented around the world, though data to determine prevalence are limited (Solangon & Patel, 2012). Following displacement, and even after permanent resettlement, different kinds of insecurity such as breakdown of family and community networks, shifting gender roles, and limited access to resources can also increase the risk of SGBV. Responses to SGBV need to adapt to varying contexts and needs across the refugee journey, however there is no comprehensive evidence base for understanding how these needs evolve at different points for people on the move. This working paper is a critical overview of the current state of knowledge on responses to SGBV for refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons across all stages of the refugee journey.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableIndigenous Data Network National Survey: Indigenous Controlled Research Organisations(Australian Research Data Commons, 2019-10)This project was undertaken by the Indigenous Data Network (IDN), based at the Indigenous Studies Unit, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne. The project comprised a nationwide survey of leading Indigenous controlled research organisations within the land council and native title sector, including both Aboriginal land councils (ALCs) and native title service providers (NTSPs). The objective of the survey was two-fold: a) to ascertain data collection, storage, and distribution practices among these organisations, and; b) to establish what potential administrative and technical transformations would be necessary in order to link together multiple small-scale population models maintained by these organisations into an integrated population model for each organisation in the first instance, and into a national population model in the second instance.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableThe State of the World Population 2018: the power of choice : reproductive rights and the demographic transition(UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund, 2018)Not so long ago, most people had large families: five children, on average. Where once there was one global fertility rate, today there are many, with differences wider than at any point in human history. Family size, whether small or large, is intertwined with reproductive rights, which are tied to many other rights, such as those to health and education, adequate income, the freedom to make choices, and non-discrimination. Where all rights are realized, people tend to thrive. Where they are not, people are not able to realize their potential, and fertility rates tend to be higher or lower than what most people really want. State of World Population 2018, UNFPA's flagship report, looks at the global trend towards smaller families, and why fertility matters.
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ItemReport on the quality of 2016 Census data: Census Independent Assurance Panel to the Australian Statistician(Commonwealth of Australia, 2017)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableThe danger and the consequences. Chapter 3. In Romuld G (ed). Choosing Humanity: Why Australia must join the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.(International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ICAN, 2019-07-01)
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ItemCommunity suicide prevention networks: A literature scoping review( 2019-05-10)Suicide is a significant concern for the Australian population, claiming the lives of 3128 men and women in 2017. Wesley Mission, through its Wesley LifeForce Suicide Prevention Networks program (Wesley LifeForce program) has been working with the community to support the development of local community suicide prevention networks since 2007. Wesley Mission defines a network as ‘A union of people and organisations, working together to change the outcome relating to a specific problem.’ Networks are further described as being community based and as being ‘for the people, by the people’. In this report, we refer to this notion as ‘community led’. While the aims and objectives of each network vary, reflecting the unique identity of each community, there is a common thread: a focus on interagency cooperation and raising community awareness. Wesley LifeForce network functions typically include activities that seek to: • identify and bring together community participants with an interest or responsibility in suicide prevention, mental health issues and/or mental health promotion • facilitate the exchange of information • co-ordinate suicide prevention activities to maximise impact • encourage sharing of skills and learning • raise community awareness of suicide risk and protective factors and help create pathways