Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemInvestigating pedestrians’ obstacle avoidance behaviour(Forschungszentrum Julich, Zentralbibliothek, 2020-03-27)Modelling and simulating pedestrian motions are standard ways to investigate crowd dynamics aimed to enhance pedestrians’ safety. Movement of people is affected by interactions with one another and with the physical environment that it may be a worthy line of research. This paper studies the impact of speed on how pedestrians respond to the obstacles (i.e. Obstacles avoidance behaviour). A field experiment was performed in which a group of people were instructed to perform some obstacles avoidance tasks at two levels of normal and high speeds. Trajectories of the participants are extracted from the video recordings for the subsequent intentions:(i) to seek out the impact of total speed, x and yaxis (ii) to observe the impact of the speed on the movement direction, x-axis, (iii) to find out the impact of speed on the lateral direction, y-axis. The results of the experiments could be used to enhance the current pedestrian simulation models.
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ItemUrban Analytics Data Infrastructure: Critical SDI for Measuring and Monitoring The National and Local Progress of SDGs(CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, 2020-01-01)This chapter describes an innovative Spatial Data Infrastructure to support urban analytics and urban research capabilities focused on Australian cities, called Urban Analytics Data Infrastructure (UADI). The UADI provides opportunity for multi-disciplinary, and cross-jurisdictional analytics. The chapter highlights the UADI capabilities to be adopted for deriving the SDG indicators as a response to the UN-GGIM strategic framework 2017 { 2021 technical requirements.
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ItemApplying BIM to support dispute avoidance in managing multi-owned buildings(Elsevier, 2020-12-01)With the growth of high-density living, disputes experienced by residents in multi-owned buildings (MOBs) have become an ongoing challenge in urban areas. A significant number of the disputations have found their root cause in the issues concerning improper use and management of MOBs by residents. It stems from their inaccurate understanding of ownership rights that are inherently 3D but using 2D cadastral survey plans, authoritative documents of ownership. This research explores the ability of building information modeling (BIM) to address required information for improving the perception of ownership rights that affect resident behaviors in managing MOBs. An open data model of BIM is extended to accommodate the necessary information for preventing resident misbehaviors that led to dispute cases in Victoria state, Australia. In this study, we implement BIM data of an MOB where a real dispute happened to demonstrate the validity of the enriched data model on the information delivery and an enhanced understanding of ownership rights. It is confirmed that the use of BIM facilitates the alleviation of the misbehaviors by informing residents with accurate communication of ownership rights and could support the avoidance of disputes in MOBs.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableEarthquake Vulnerability of Port Structures in Indonesia(IOPscience, 2020-02-08)Indonesia is located in a high seismic region and is in one of the most vulnerable countries likely to experience earthquakes. The impact of earthquakes on port structures can have an enormous impact on the economy if the earthquake hazard is not acknowledged, essential elements of the transportation system not identified, and damage prevention procedures not applied. In this project, the seismic performance of critical infrastructures, such as post structures as designed and constructed, are assessed. Outcomes of the assessment enable vulnerable elements to be identified leading to design recommendations. The project is conducted based on data collection, field survey, site investigations, experiments, and computer modelling and simulations.
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ItemAdvances in techniques to formulate the watertight concept for cadastre(Wiley, 2020-10-20)The world’s rising urban density expansion has resulted in a proliferation of attempts to efficiently use space and a higher level of spatial complexity in metropolitan areas. 3D geospatial data models are increasingly being embraced to facilitate communicating the spatial dimensions of complex built environments in different applications. For example, the use of 3D models in land administration systems has been recognized as a good approach for communicating the spatial complexity of legal spaces within multi‐storey buildings. The spatial extent of legal space—to which rights, restrictions and responsibilities relate in a 3D digital cadastre—needs to be accurately defined and geometrically closed; watertight. Therefore, this study aims to address the challenges regarding checking the closure of diverse 3D legal spaces and engage several techniques to formulate the watertight concept for cadastre. The research’s methodology is built on a 3D polyhedral surface using a half‐edge data structure. A primitive check is employed to assess the spatial consistency of lower‐dimensional primitives of 3D objects. Subsequently, advanced closure checks ensure the closure of volumetric legal spaces represented by 2‐manifold and non‐2‐manifold data models. The article concludes that, by adopting the proposed approaches, the internal spatial consistency of legal spaces in urban land administration will be certified.
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ItemA structured framework for 3D cadastral data validation − a case study for Victoria, Australia(Elsevier BV, 2020-11-01)There are a wide variety of cadastral objects, ranging from simple 2D entities such as a land parcel, to complex 3D objects such as multistory/multi-owned buildings. The complex infrastructures development happening above and below the ground complicates the processes required for defining rights, restrictions and responsibilities in 3D (3D RRRs). Even in the current, predominantly, 3D analogue cadastral system which relies on 2D drawings and representations, defining 3D RRRs is still a complicated task. With the widespread use of 3D geospatial information technologies, it is increasingly becoming easy to realise and interpret a 3D digital cadastre system. As part of the process of transition from the 2D representation of cadastre towards a 3D digital cadastre, not only will 2D representations be replaced with 3D models, but the examination workflow and its principles also need to be able to manage 3D models. Developing principles and validation rules is a critical requirement to guarantee that the diverse cadastral data is trustable and contains enough detail to define the spatial and legal extents of ownership. This paper proposes a structured framework to define validation rules for 3D cadastral models. The paper’s methodology utilises a case study approach where a plan examination process in Victoria, Australia has been analysed to investigate the principles of examining cadastral plans, and further expanded on for validating 3D digital plans. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the proposed 3D validation rules and proposes future research within the topic of 3D cadastral data validation.
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ItemMoving Towards a Single Smart Cadastral Platform in Victoria, Australia(MDPI AG, 2020-05-01)Various jurisdictions are currently in the process of reforming their cadastral systems to achieve a smart and multidimensional system that provides a range of land administration services to the wider community. The state of Victoria in Australia has been actively modernizing its cadastral system since the 1990s by developing a digital cadastre database, an online digital cadastral plan lodgment portal named SPEAR, and smart cadastre services for validating and visualizing digital data in the ePlan (LandXML) format. However, due to challenges in the implementation of the smart cadastre lifecycle in Victoria, the uptake of ePlan is currently low across the surveying industry. This study aims to explore the feasibility of implementing a smart platform for managing ePlan lodgments in Victoria, which provides all required services within an integrated digital environment. To achieve this aim, the business and technical requirements for realizing a single smart cadastral platform are first explored. A proof of concept (PoC) is then developed to showcase a suitable approach for developing this platform. The evaluation of the PoC confirmed that integration of smart cadastre services into a single environment could significantly streamline the digital cadastral data management processes in Victoria
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ItemSpatial Metadata Usability Evaluation(MDPI AG, 2020-07-21)Spatial metadata is a critical part of any spatial data infrastructure, which enables the organising, sharing, discovery and use of spatial data. This paper highlights a knowledge gap in the usability of the metadata systems for the end–users. It then addresses the gap by applying the User Centred Design approach to investigate the usability of metadata records. The research engages with end–users concerning efficiency and effectiveness of metadata systems, and end–users’ satisfaction and expectations. The results indicate significant gaps with the effectiveness and efficiency of metadata systems for spatial data discovery and selection. Inconsistency and irrelevant information in the metadata records were found in the title, keywords, abstracts, data quality and other elements of the metadata. Additionally, essential improvements were identified for user interfaces. Discouraging presentation of the metadata is a prominent problem found in the interface of the metadata systems.
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ItemDeveloping a new framework based on solid models for 3D cadastres(Elsevier, 2020-03-01)3D cadastres aim to record, manage, and visualise spatial dimensions of volumetric legal objects in a 3D digital information environment. Definition of the geometry and topology of volumetric representations of legal objects is predicated on solid modelling approaches which are widely used in 3D modelling applications. Some solid modelling approaches are more user friendly for constructing legal objects while others enable the creation of 3D legal objects with a higher level of spatial complexity. This study aims to assess the capabilities of solid models in managing the geometry and topology of 3D legal objects with various spatial complexities. The assessment was conducted based on identification of the fundamental principles for defining geometry and topology in 3D cadastres. Various 3D legal objects with different geometric shapes were examined according to the topological principles for ensuring both internal and external validity of 3D legal objects. The identified geometric and topological principles were used to propose a new framework based on solid modelling for 3D cadastres. Our suggested framework would provide the basis for modifying land subdivision policies to adopt solid models in upgrading current cadastral systems into 3D digital environments.
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ItemA classification technique for local multivariate clusters and outliers of spatial association(Wiley, 2020-10-01)The detection of spatial clusters and outliers is critical to a number of spatial data analysis techniques. Many techniques embed spatial clustering components with the aim of exploring spatial variability and patterns in a data set, caused by the spatial association that generally affects most spatial data. A frontier challenge in spatial data analysis is to extend techniques—originally designed for univariate analysis—to a multivariate context, in order to be able to cope with the increasing complexity and variety of modern spatial data. This article proposes an exploratory procedure to detect and classify clusters and outliers in a multivariate spatial data set. Cluster and outlier detection relies on recently introduced multivariate extensions of the well‐established local indicators of spatial association statistics. Two new indicators are proposed enabling the classification of multivariate clusters and outliers, not directly achievable with any already established technique. The procedure is fully implemented using free and open source geospatial software and libraries. The raw source code is made available for future reviews and replications. Empirical results from early applications on both synthetic and real spatial data are discussed. Advantages and limitations of the introduced procedure are outlined according to the empirical results.