Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemThe role [of] cadastral data modelling in e-land administration(Centre of Geo-Information Technologies (cGIT), 2005)Enablement of land administration with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is heading toward e-Land Administration (e-LA): the transformation of land administration through the use of ICT. Existing initiatives include providing land information on line, electronic conveyancing, digital lodgement of survey plans, and online access to survey plan information. Thus far, implementation of these initiatives is isolated in their specific subsystems without reference to the broader land administration system or its core policy function of supporting sustainable development. One solution to isolation is to develop effective communication among the different land administration subsystems by harmonising data and functionalities, so they are capable of being used by all subsystems. The key to harmonisation is data modelling which both recognizes and reengineers existing business processes. Modelling allows every single process in land administration to influence the cadastral data model and vice versa. This paper describes the importance of cadastral data modelling in data management as well as coordination among subsystems in an e-LA.
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ItemToward e-land administration : Australian online land information services( 2005)Sustainable development (SD) is accepted as a central driver in countries world wide with land administration playing an important role in delivering SD objectives. Within this context the emerging use of the Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly being utilised by land administration organizations. These technologies provide opportunities for better service delivery and customer satisfaction and a reduction in operating costs. However establishment of these systems as part of e-land administration and in the context of e-government has to date not been fully realised and is often problematic.E-land administration includes the coordination among various parts of land administration businesses including front office operations like online customer services and private partnership services, and also back office operations like internal work flow and central data base management. The first step in improving the current systems within a particular jurisdiction is assessing the current performance of online land information services as part of e-land administration.There are various initiatives to deliver land related information over the Internet for the public in the different Australian states. Analysing these experiences and determining good practice will assist in proposing effective and innovative solutions to improve or re-engineer the existing services as a key infrastructure for implementing e-land administration services.This paper first introduces and discusses various quality of service criteria for the assessment of an online land information system. The criteria include popularity, performance, functionality and user requirements of services. The paper then reviews and presents current land administration services in Australian states including a statistical analysis to better understand the advantages and deficiencies of current services. The results are assessed and suggestions are proposed for improving on
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ItemIntegrated land administration in Australia : the need to align ICT strategies and operations( 2005)A modern Land Administration System consists of four key functions: land tenure, land valuation, land use and land development. The integration of these functions and associated land information are essential if we are to achieve sustainability objectives and a more efficient property development process. Historically many countries have divided up their key functions; the advent of information and communication technologies [ICT] offered the possibility of integration. Current research suggests that land administration functions have resisted integration, despite technological advancements. This paper analyses such findings by considering the land administration functions of Victoria, Western Australia and New South Wales. It considers each state’s spatial-mapping and registry functions at a strategic and operational level. Particular attention has been given to ICT policy and operations. The study suggests that many factor shave obstructed integration, including historical backgrounds, politics and disparate organizational cultures have all played a role. Another important factor has been the failure to align the ICT strategies and operations of the different functions: land registries have tended to view technology as supporting core operations rather than core strategy. Conversely, spatial-mapping units see ICT as fundamental to operations and strategy: not only has ICT enhanced traditional practice, but it has also allowed for the creation of new products and services. It is argued that in order to achieve further integration, Land Administration functions must align their perception and use of ICT. Shared leadership, integrated ICT infrastructures and government mandates will assist this alignment.
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ItemA vision for spatially informed land administration in Australia( 2005)Research to incorporate sustainable development objectives into an information communication technology (ICT)enabled land administration system (LAS) began with the task of defining an emerging vision for spatial information. Incommon with European countries which enjoy mature LAS (Switzerland, Denmark, The Netherlands and Germany),Australian LAS could benefit from the spatial enablement of land information, following the model of the spatiallyenabled geocoded national address file (GNAF). Specific instances include opportunities for more comprehensiveinformation about restrictions over land, remodelling the Torrens system into a modern land information system, andcreating national land information systems.Transition from the existing infrastructure of LAS to the new model requires selective borrowing from experiences particularly in the European Union and USAnew models of information sharingcapacity to anticipate developments in technology in location enablement and spatial identificationbuilding on Australia's capacity to create opportunities for government and the private sector in using spatialinformation in the ICT environment.
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ItemTransferring our knowledge and systems: tenure formalisation( 2005)Land administration systems are key infrastructure for national growth. They deliver macroeconomic growth, allow greater market integration, provide security of tenure and investments, and increase the capacity to deliver welfare. However, land administration systems supporting these activities are complicated and limited. While advanced tools and principles may be borrowed by countries building local land markets, every situation requires innovative solutions in response to the unique and dynamic land administration environment. Project designs must capture a wide range of people to land relationships and different socio-environmental circumstances. An investigation of different people to land and natural resource arrangements was conducted in a development scenario. Case study investigations took place in three rural villages in Cambodia undergoing different stages of land administration project implementation. These studies revealed a wide set of indispensable informal tenure arrangements outside the design scope for providing formal tenure security. From 1990 to now, land projects design emphasis has moved from technological to institutional criteria. Further design change is still required, especially to deliver sustainability and social development. In particular land administration systems used in development scenarios must approach formalization of land tenure with more innovative approaches. This may also require an expansion of tenure security options beyond those currently included in formal systems. Formalised Western skills may be advantageous for delivering some services, but they must be complimented by a holistic understanding of local culture and capacity.
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ItemIntegrated land administration in Australia: the need to align ICT strategies and operations( 2005)A modern Land Administration System consists of four key functions: land tenure, land valuation, land use and landdevelopment. The integration of these functions and associated land information are essential if we are to achievesustainability objectives and a more efficient property development process. Historically many countries have dividedup their key functions; the advent of information and communication technologies [ICT] offered the possibility ofintegration.Current research suggests that land administration functions have resisted integration, despite technologicaladvancements. This paper analyses such findings by considering the land administration functions of Victoria, WesternAustralia and New South Wales. It considers each state'sspatial-mapping and registry functions at a strategic andoperational level. Particular attention has been given to ICT policy and operations. The study suggests that many factorshave obstructed integration, including historical backgrounds, politics and disparate organizational cultures have allplayed a role. Another important factor has been the failure to align the ICT strategies and operations of the differentfunctions: land registries have tended to view technology as supporting core operations rather than core strategy.Conversely, spatial-mapping units see ICT as fundamental to operations and strategy: not only has ICT enhancedtraditional practice, but it has also allowed for the creation of new products and services. It is argued that in order toachieve further integration, Land Administration functions must align their perception and use of ICT. Sharedleadership, integrated ICT infrastructures and government mandates will assist this alignment.
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ItemBuilding modern land administration systems in developed economies(Mapping Sciences Institute Australia (MISA), 2005)Land Administration Systems (LAS) are institutional frameworks complicated by the tasks they must perform, by national cultural, political and judicial settings, and by technology. This paper assists sharing LAS among countries with diverse legal systems and institutional structures by identifying an ideal and historically neutral LAS model for • servicing the needs of governments, business and the public, • utilising the latest technologies, • servicing rights, responsibilities, restrictions and risks in relation to land, and • delivering much broader information about sustainable development. Case studies of Denmark and Victoria are used to assess the model.
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ItemLand markets in a changing world opportunities for surveyors( 2005)Land surveyors, land registries and land information systems are primarily concerned with building and maintaining a land administration infrastructure. This includes cadastral surveys to identify and subdivide land, land registry systems to support simple land trading (buying, selling, mortgaging and leasing land) and land information systems to facilitate access to the relevant information.We assume that a primary task of this infrastructure is to support the operation of an efficient and effective land market. But what is a land market? Since our land administration systems were invented, land commodities and trading patterns have undergone substantial changes: they have become complex, corporatised and international. Are our current land administration systems designed to support a modern land market which trades in complex commodities such as mortgage backed certificates, water rights, land information, time shares, unit and property trusts, financial instruments, insurance products, options, corporate development instruments and vertical villages? Modern land markets involve a complex and dynamic range of activities, processes and opportunities. They are continually evolving, primarily in response to economic energy and sustainable development objectives. They are also being facilitated by information and communications technologies. This paper argues that modern land markets offer many business opportunities for land surveyors. It is important that cadastral survey practices, land registries and land information systems keep pace with, and preferably lead, these land market developments. It discusses the evolution of land administration systems and the land markets they support. It introduces the vision for a modern land administration system capable of supporting not only simple land trading but also trading in complex commodities. It describes the challenges facing surveyors if they are to think laterally, capitalise on their spatial and measurement ski
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ItemA vision for spatially informed land administration in Australia( 2005)Research to incorporate sustainable development objectives into an information communication technology (ICT)enabled land administration system (LAS) began with the task of defining an emerging vision for spatial information. Incommon with European countries which enjoy mature LAS (Switzerland, Denmark, The Netherlands and Germany),Australian LAS could benefit from the spatial enablement of land information, following the model of the spatiallyenabled geocoded national address file (GNAF). Specific instances include opportunities for more comprehensiveinformation about restrictions over land, remodelling the Torrens system into a modern land information system, andcreating national land information systems.Transition from the existing infrastructure of LAS to the new model requires –• selective borrowing from experiences particularly in the European Union and USA• new models of information sharing• capacity to anticipate developments in technology in location enablement and spatial identification• building on Australia’s capacity to create opportunities for government and the private sector in using spatialinformation in the ICT environment.