Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemDeveloping and testing a 3D cadastral data model: a case study in Australia(ISPRS Comm V Symposium, 2012-07-16)Population growth, urbanization and industrialization place more pressure on land use with the need for increased space. To extend the use and functionality of the land, complex infrastructures are being built, both vertically and horizontally, layered and stacked. These three-dimensional (3D) developments affect the interests (Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRRs)) attached to the underlying land. A 3D cadastre will assist in managing the effects of 3D development on a particular extent of land. There are many elements that contribute to developing a 3D cadastre, such as existing of 3D property legislations, 3D DBMS, 3D visualization. However, data modelling is one of the most important elements of a successful 3D cadastre. As architectural models of houses and high rise buildings help their users visualize the final product, 3D cadastre data model supports 3D cadastre users to understand the structure or behavior of the system and has a template that guides them to construct and implement the 3D cadastre. Many jurisdictions, organizations and software developers have built their own cadastral data model. Land Administration Domain Model (DIS-ISO 19152, The Netherlands) and ePlan (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, Australia) are examples of existing data models. The variation between these data models is the result of different attitudes towards cadastres. However, there is a basic common thread among them all. Current cadastral data models use a 2D land-parcel concept and extend it to support 3D requirements. These data models cannot adequately manage and represent the spatial extent of 3D RRRs. Most of the current cadastral data models have been influenced by a very broad understanding of 3D cadastral concepts because better clarity in what needs to be represented and analysed in the cadastre needs to be established. This paper presents the first version of a 3D Cadastral Data Model (3DCDM_Version 1.0). 3DCDM models both the legal and physical extent of 3D properties and associated interests. The data model extends the traditional cadastral requirements to cover other applications such as urban planning and land valuation and taxation. A demonstration of a test system on the proposed data model is also presented. The test is based on a case study in Victoria, Australia to evaluate the effectiveness of the data model.
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ItemSpatially Enabling Risk for Management of Land and Property(Surveying & Spatial Sciences Institute, 2011)
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ItemUnderstanding the relationship between spatial information, property markets and macroeconomic policy(Surveying & Spatial Sciences Institute, 2011)
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ItemSpatially enabled society(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2011)The term 'spatially enabled society' describes the emerging cultural and governance revolution offered by pervasive spatial information technologies and spatially equipped citizens. Spatially enabled societies make possible, amongst many other things, sustainable cities, GFC early warning systems, smarter delivery of housing, improved risk management, and better macroeconomic decision making. The concept is not about managing spatial information, it is about governing society spatially. Spatially enabled societies represent the realization of the promises offered by building spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) and reforming land administration systems. These building blocks, established over decades, make possible spatially enabled societies. Without tools for managing metadata, building complete national cadastres, modelling and integrating the 3rd dimension, and much other foundational work, spatially enabled societies cannot emerge. This paper explores the notion of spatially enabled societies further. Example applications are used in the discussion. The paper also demonstrates how, despite the grand possibilities of revolutionary spatial technologies and spatially aware citizens, existing infrastructures including SDIs and land administration system will still require an ongoing governance structure for spatially enabled societies to be maintained.
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ItemSpatially enabled risk management: models, cases, validation(GSDI, 2012)Risk has a spatial nature. All events that result from risks have a link to a specific location or a factor in space. Understanding where on earth these risks are present allows for these risks to be mitigated, avoided, or managed. In order to manage the risks however accurate and timely spatial information about land and property is first needed. Historically, land administration systems have held this information, however, in recent years these systems have been superseded by other infrastructures that have the capability to capture and store information spatially. While these new systems offer the advantages of spatially enabled information, the authoritative information held within land administration systems is necessary for risk management. Land administration systems need to adapt to remain relevant in the 21st century, and coordination between these land administration systems and the new infrastructures is required to increase the ability of stakeholders to manage this information for risk management purposes. A framework targeted at this issue has been developed which proposes a spatially enabled approach for managing risks for governments, industry, citizens and wider society that takes into account the current information infrastructures (including land administration systems), the stakeholders, and the relevant risks that affect land and property. This framework results in the aggregation and dissemination of consistent information about risk to land and property to all stakeholders. So far the proposed framework has not been tested; however the recent floods in Queensland present an opportunity to apply the framework in the post event environment to determine whether the framework is appropriate within the Australian context.
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ItemLand and property information in 3D(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)People increasingly live in high density urban, often high rise and multi functional buildings. These increasingly urbanized populations will predominantly live in multi-level, multipurpose, highly engineered, high-rise developments. Cities require significant infrastructure above and below the ground. Rapidly expanding vertical cities and their populations will experience a range of new environmental, social and economic challenges. The lack of an efficient and effective three dimensional solution limits the ability of the public to visualize and communicate 3D developments, the ability of architects, engineers and developers to capitalize on the full potential of 3D title models; the ability of governments and developers to visualize multi-level developments resulting in increased costs and delays; and the ability of land registries to administer a title registration system that can accommodate these increasingly complex multi-level developments. This paper aims to introduce an approach which helps address the problem of modelling and managing complex 3D property rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRR). The outcomes of this research incorporate the third dimension of height into the land subdivision and development process to build an infrastructure for managing and modelling spatial extension of these complex property RRRs. This research moves the multiple two dimensional drawings that now identify buildings and infrastructure objects and their separate parcels into authentic visual 3D representation of the building and objects that meet the exacting legal standards of ground surveys.
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ItemAuthoritative land information and Australian property markets(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)Land information has an important role to play in informing macroeconomic policy. In particular, timely and accurate market information relating to land tenure and value is essential for evidence-based fiscal and monetary decisions, such as interest rates on dept financing and assessing property base taxes. Currently in Australia, there appears to be a gap between the creators of land information at the state level and the users of the information at the federal level. The capacity of evidence-based policy is under-realised as a result. This paper explores the inter-governmental land information flows within three state-based land administration systems and the Reserve Bank and Australian Taxation Office. Results of the study show that integration of land market information is occurring within some state land agencies; however communication with federal government departments is limited, leading to information asymmetries. The paper concludes that new options for enabling more seamless land information flows need to be prioritised. Collaboration will be essential.
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ItemNations Need National Land Administration Infrastructures(FIG (International Federation of Surveyors), 2012)