Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailableEXTENDING CITYGML 3.0 TO SUPPORT 3D UNDERGROUND LAND ADMINISTRATION(COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2022)Abstract. Rapid development of underground space necessitates the efficient management of underground areas. Data modelling plays an underpinning role in integrating and managing underground physical and legal data. The physical data refers to semantic and spatial data of underground assets such as utilities, tunnels, and basements, while the legal data comprises the ownership information and the extent of underground legal spaces and the semantic and spatial relationships between legal spaces. Current Underground Land Administration (ULA) practices mainly focus on representing only either legal spaces or the physical reality of subsurface objects using fragmented and isolated 2D drawings, leading to ineffective ULA. A complete and accurate 3D representation of underground legal spaces integrated with the 3D model of their physical counterparts can support different use cases of ULA beyond underground land registration, such as planning, design and construction of underground assets (e.g. tunnels and train stations), utility management and excavation. CityGML is a prominent semantic data model to represent 3D urban objects at a city scale, making it a good choice for underground because underground assets such as tunnels and utilities are often modelled at city scales. However, CityGML, in its current version, does not support legal information. This research aims to develop an Application Domain Extension (ADE) for CityGML to support 3D ULA based on the requirements defined in the Victorian state of Australia. These requirements include primary underground parcels and secondary underground interests. This work extends CityGML 3.0, which is the new version of this model. In CityGML 3.0, UML conceptual models as platform-independent models are suggested to express ADEs. Thus, the ADE proposed in this study will be based on UML. The findings of this study show that extending CityGML to support legal information can be a viable solution to meet the requirements of a 3D integrated model for ULA. The CityGML ADE proposed in this study can potentially provide a new solution for 3D digital management of underground ownership rights in Victoria, and it can be used to implement an integrated 3D digital data environment for ULA.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableA BIM-based framework for property dispute minimization - A case study for Victoria, Australia(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2022-08)
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ItemData lifecycle of underground land administration: a systematic literature review(Taylor and Francis Group, 2022)Underground Land Administration (ULA) plays a paramount role in recording, registering and managing underground ownership boundaries and rights, restrictions and responsibilities associated with underground assets. 3D digital models provide a great potential to modernise ULA as it is evident in research studies. Several steps, from data acquisition to the use of underground land data have been considered by studies to support 3D ULA. These steps form the ULA data lifecycle. This paper provides an overview of methods, techniques and tools used in different steps of the ULA data lifecycle and identifies research gaps, challenges, and potential opportunities for future studies.
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ItemBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) for Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Australia: A Research Agenda(MDPI, 2021-12)Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) contribute to approximately 30% of the total waste generation worldwide, by which heterogeneous ecological impacts, such as resource depletion, global warming, and land degradation, are engendered. Despite ongoing research efforts to minimize construction waste via the Building Information Modeling (BIM)-aided design, there is a paucity of research on integrating BIM in demolition waste management (DWM). This study investigates prominent barriers and future research directions toward the wider adoption of BIM in C&DWM by conducting a systematic literature review. First, this study identifies the barriers that hinder the implementation of C&DWM in Australia; then, it explores the benefits and challenges of leveraging BIM applications for C&DWM. The findings suggest that, for existing buildings without up-to-date design drawings, it is imperative to improve the accuracy of data capturing and object recognition techniques to overcome the bottlenecks of BIM-DWM integration. Moreover, the development of regional-oriented material banks and their harmonization with life cycle assessment databases can extend the potential of BIM-based sustainability analysis, making it applicable to the DWM domain. This study proposes a research agenda on tackling these challenges to realize BIM’s full potential in facilitating DWM.
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ItemFormative and Summative Validation of Building Information Model-Based Cadastral Data(MDPI, 2021-08)Among 3D models, Building Information Models (BIM) can potentially support the integrated management of buildings’ physical and legal aspects in cadastres. However, there is not a systematic approach to author the cadastral information into the BIM models. Moreover, the common approaches for data validation only check the final cadastral output, and they ignore the data generation steps as potential avenues for validation. Therefore, this study aims to develop the criteria and standards to check the spatial consistency and integrity of BIM-based cadastral data in the process of generating the data. The paper utilises a case study approach as its methodology to investigate the requirements of generating a BIM-based cadastral model and identify the issues within the process. The results include a formative assessment (i.e., multistep validation approach during the data generation) alongside a summative assessment (i.e., one-step validation approach at the end of data generation). This study found the summative assessment alone insufficient for 3D cadastral data validation. The paper concludes that a formative and summative assessment together can improve the validity of the data. The results will potentially bring more efficiency to modern land administration processes by avoiding the accumulation of errors in 3D cadastral data generation.
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ItemUnderground Land Administration from 2D to 3D: Critical Challenges and Future Research Directions(MDPI, 2021-10)The development and use of underground space is a necessity for most cities in response to rapid urbanisation. Effective underground land administration is critical for sustainable urban development. From a land administration perspective, the ownership extent of underground assets is essential for planning and managing underground areas. In some jurisdictions, physical structures (e.g., walls, ceilings, and utilities) are also necessary to delineate the ownership extent of underground assets. The current practice of underground land administration focuses on the ownership of underground space and mostly relies on 2D survey plans. This inefficient and fragmented 2D-based underground data management and communication results in several issues including boundary disputes, underground strikes, delays and disruptions in projects, economic losses, and urban planning issues. This study provides a review of underground land administration from three common aspects: legal, institutional, and technical. A range of important challenges have been identified based on the current research and practice. To address these challenges, the authors of this study propose a new framework for 3D underground land administration. The proposed framework outlines the future research directions to upgrade underground land administration using integrated 3D digital approaches.
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ItemA Proposal for a User-Oriented Spatial Metadata Profile(MDPI, 2021-06)Spatial metadata profiles have been designed and evolved by data custodians to manage, share, discover, and use spatial data. The end-users of spatial data often do not have much input in designing the profiles. The spatial data infrastructure literature reveals that they question the usability of spatial metadata. This paper analyzes the usability of metadata profiles by engaging end-users and clarifying their requirements in response to this problem. Over 60 users from 18 countries were engaged using an online survey based on a purposive sampling method. The results show that the most widely used metadata standard, ISO 19115, provides metadata elements to accommodate most user requirements for searches. However, an extension to the standard is necessary to assist users in discovery and selection. Two new metadata elements are proposed as part of the extension. The extension also involves changing the obligation type of existing elements to improve data discovery.
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ItemSynchronising Spatial Metadata Records and Interfaces to Improve the Usability of Metadata Systems(MDPI, 2021-06)The spatial data infrastructure literature reveals significant gaps in metadata systems concerning their efficiency and effectiveness for end-users. The literature proposes improvements to make the metadata systems more user-friendly. These improvements include new metadata elements and user interfaces that are in concert with each other. In this paper, we implement the proposed improvements in a prototype system and engage with end-users to assess if the proposals help users’ expectations. The prototype is evaluated by conducting think-aloud protocol (TAP) usability testing and semi-structured interviews with end-users. The result demonstrates an increased level of satisfaction about existing systems and some more areas to improve. We conclude that a synchronised development approach for the spatial metadata and the user interface will increase the usability of the metadata for data discovery and selection.
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ItemIdentification of Property Boundaries Using an IFC-Based Cadastral Database(MDPI, 2021-03)Property boundaries have a significant importance in cadaster as they define the legal extent of the ownership rights. Among 3D data models, Industry Foundation Class (IFC) provides the potential capabilities for modelling property boundaries in a 3D environment. In some jurisdictions, such as Victoria, Australia, some property boundaries are assigned to the faces of building elements which are modelled as solids in IFC. In order to retrieve these property boundaries, boundary identification analysis should be performed, and faces of building elements should be extracted. However, extracting faces of solids from an IFC file is not possible as faces of solids are not considered as a separate object-type. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a spatial query approach for the identification of property boundaries using 3D spatial operators of a database to address this problem. The viability of the developed approach is tested using an IFC-based 3D cadastral database with two real datasets and one test dataset. The proposed methodology not only supports vertical walls and horizontal roofs but can also be used for detecting boundaries in properties surrounded by complex building structures such as oblique and curved walls and roofs.
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ItemUrban Analytics Data Infrastructure: Critical SDI for Measuring and Monitoring The National and Local Progress of SDGs(CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, 2020-01-01)This chapter describes an innovative Spatial Data Infrastructure to support urban analytics and urban research capabilities focused on Australian cities, called Urban Analytics Data Infrastructure (UADI). The UADI provides opportunity for multi-disciplinary, and cross-jurisdictional analytics. The chapter highlights the UADI capabilities to be adopted for deriving the SDG indicators as a response to the UN-GGIM strategic framework 2017 { 2021 technical requirements.