Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemA new vision on cadastral data model( 2006)Land administration systems are evolving towards an integrated land management paradigm designed to support sustainable development. In this paradigm, land administration delivers four functionalities: land mapping, land registration, land valuation and land development, each with specific data elements, with the cadastral data model at the core. Cadastral data modelling potentially plays a key role in both data and business management in modern land administration systems. However, some modifications to existing data models could potentially improve their capacity to deliver sustainability. Firstly, the existing role of land parcels and properties as core building blocks in land administration systems can be significantly extended to make the cadastral fabric available to assist management of a wider range of rights, restrictions and responsibilities by using the concept of legal property objects: an entity defined by a law or regulation which relates to a physical space on, below or above the earth. This can be interpreted as a new land related commodity, land parcel or a property. Secondly, although land parcel and property identifiers are key elements of interoperability within land administration subsystems, the paper argues that they have not yet given appropriate emphasis in cadastral data models. Among the identifiers, spatial identifiers can potentially simplify data exchange and work flows among land administration functionalities on a much wider basis. Finally, the paper discusses technical issues raised by changing the cadastral model: the advantages and disadvantages of spatial identifiers, possibilities for spatially presenting rights restrictions and responsibilities, and consistency between various legal property objects.
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ItemSpatially enabling societies by shifting the basic building block(The University of Melbourne, 2007)Moving towards spatially enabled societies, governments have turned to best preserve, develop, allocate and use land, incorporating all interests in land. Generally, land registries contribute to recording the important interests in land such as ownership, land use, covenants, caveats, leases, easements, and mortgages in land parcels (Williamson 2002). At the same time land mapping agencies are responsible for recording land parcel dimensions to identify the extent of the interests. In a theoretical framework, Bennett et al. (2006) analysed the problem of management of interests in land and classified them into three categories. Firstly, some interests have been poorly designed. They may be unenforceable by authorities or may provide little incentive for those who are supposed to adhere to them. Secondly, some interests are poorly administered. The administration system may offer limited public information access, have slow permit and licence processing times, or might be administered in isolation from other related interests. Finally, some interests do not exist where they ought to exist. In a practical context, the parcel based organization of interests mentioned above encounters two problems: the interests in land are not necessarily limited to those mentioned earlier, and the interests are not necessarily restricted to specific parcels. In other words, the interests in land are diverse and some of the interests can not be defined by boundaries. An efficient technical solution for organizing the growing number of interests in land information systems remains a challenge. The solution suggested in this chapter redefines the relationship between land and interests in the context of modern land administration systems.