Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemThe role [of] cadastral data modelling in e-land administration(Centre of Geo-Information Technologies (cGIT), 2005)Enablement of land administration with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is heading toward e-Land Administration (e-LA): the transformation of land administration through the use of ICT. Existing initiatives include providing land information on line, electronic conveyancing, digital lodgement of survey plans, and online access to survey plan information. Thus far, implementation of these initiatives is isolated in their specific subsystems without reference to the broader land administration system or its core policy function of supporting sustainable development. One solution to isolation is to develop effective communication among the different land administration subsystems by harmonising data and functionalities, so they are capable of being used by all subsystems. The key to harmonisation is data modelling which both recognizes and reengineers existing business processes. Modelling allows every single process in land administration to influence the cadastral data model and vice versa. This paper describes the importance of cadastral data modelling in data management as well as coordination among subsystems in an e-LA.
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ItemToward e-land administration : Australian online land information services( 2005)Sustainable development (SD) is accepted as a central driver in countries world wide with land administration playing an important role in delivering SD objectives. Within this context the emerging use of the Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly being utilised by land administration organizations. These technologies provide opportunities for better service delivery and customer satisfaction and a reduction in operating costs. However establishment of these systems as part of e-land administration and in the context of e-government has to date not been fully realised and is often problematic.E-land administration includes the coordination among various parts of land administration businesses including front office operations like online customer services and private partnership services, and also back office operations like internal work flow and central data base management. The first step in improving the current systems within a particular jurisdiction is assessing the current performance of online land information services as part of e-land administration.There are various initiatives to deliver land related information over the Internet for the public in the different Australian states. Analysing these experiences and determining good practice will assist in proposing effective and innovative solutions to improve or re-engineer the existing services as a key infrastructure for implementing e-land administration services.This paper first introduces and discusses various quality of service criteria for the assessment of an online land information system. The criteria include popularity, performance, functionality and user requirements of services. The paper then reviews and presents current land administration services in Australian states including a statistical analysis to better understand the advantages and deficiencies of current services. The results are assessed and suggestions are proposed for improving on
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Item3D data sourcing for land and property information: a geometric and semantic perspective( 2013)Population growth has prompted land administrators to re-evaluate the current land development cycle, incorporating the third dimension to enable a more complete and effective property registration system. This research, which centres on the 3D data sourcing methods, has suggested a set of data sourcing requirements. It is envisaged that the culmination of legal entities together with the geometric and semantic components of our cities in a 3D environment will enable a more complete and effective land and property information registration system that will in turn ultimately help decision-making processes in our governing bodies to better manage economic development and build sustainable communities. Focussing on two of these requirements (geometric and semantic) an investigation on data acquisition techniques is discussed. Implementation of UAV data is suggested as an effective data sourcing method, particularly for developing countries and poverty stricken areas, where low cost is critical.
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Item3D visualisation of cadastre(Institution of Surveyors Victoria, 2013)The importance of managing stratified ownership land rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) are increasing due to population growth and land shortage, particularly in urban areas. As a result, stakeholders are looking for ways in order to manage land and property information more efficiently. Current approaches for managing and visualising land ownership rights are not efficient in very dense and complex urban areas. (From Introduction)
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ItemBuilding on the third dimension(Geospatial Media & Communications, 2013)
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ItemSpatially enabled land administration: paradigm shift in land information management( 2013)The administration of land is challenged by the increasing need of clients for land information and by the creation of new land related commodities and interests. In this space, spatial information and technologies can change the way business and governments manage activities and solve problems in relation to land. Much information relates to place and locations. Some of this is spatial information, but a great deal is information that can be organised according to its impact on a place. These emerging spatial technologies potentially expand the capacity of societies. They provide possibilities for ordering information that are profoundly world changing. The more difficult task involves embedding new technologies into the most conservative and fundamental processes in land information and management of the land market, particularly, into the land registries. Regardless, the opportunities provided by emerging technologies are driving changes in the way governments interact with their citizens, principally in initiatives to spatially enable their processes, as well as their information .Building on the growing need for land information and availability of spatial technologies, this paper presents two paradigm shifts in collecting and managing land information in the context of spatially enabled land administration.
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ItemTo crowdsource or not to crowdsource?(Geomares Publishing, 2012)
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ItemDevelopment of a 3D ePlan/LandXML visualisation system in Australia(International Federation of Surveyors, 2012)The importance of managing properties and people’s interests in complex multi-level developments is increasing, due to population growth and shortage of land in urban areas. As a result, cadastral systems are under pressure to change the way they capture, register and visualise 3D data of these multi-level scenarios. However, interests in land and properties in Australia are registered and visualised through subdivision plans. This visualisation method is often paper-based and includes 2D floor plans, cross-sections and isometric diagrams. These drawings are used to represent 3D properties and associated rights. Although this has been a common practice for experts such as land registration officers and cadastral surveyors, non-expert users such as the public, lawyers and real-estate agents often find these methods difficult to understand and interpret particularly in complex high rise buildings. In order to visualise and represent properties and associated rights in 3D, a web-based prototype system was designed and developed utilising various technologies to enable a wide variety of users to explore 3D ownership rights. The prototype system’s architecture is based on a three-layer framework including, data access, process and presentation layers to represent cadastral data such as Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRRs). For developing the prototype system, the subdivision plan components and the electronic surveying and subdivision plans (ePlan) were studied and analysed. In this web-based prototype system, 3D LandXML files are converted to KML data format using Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) and are visualised in the Google Earth API. Furthermore, attribute information such as bearing and distance, attached to subdivision plans, is also represented in this system. Although this prototype system is not able to visualise underground RRRs, it has potential to represent interests in land and properties through the Internet. This paper concludes that ePlan data model is able to contain 3D volume objects to store 3D interests in land and properties.
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ItemDeveloping and testing a 3D cadastral data model: a case study in Australia(ISPRS, 2012)Population growth, urbanization and industrialization place more pressure on land use with the need for increased space. To extend the use and functionality of the land, complex infrastructures are being built, both vertically and horizontally, layered and stacked. These three-dimensional (3D) developments affect the interests (Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRRs)) attached to the underlying land. A 3D cadastre will assist in managing the effects of 3D development on a particular extent of land. There are many elements that contribute to developing a 3D cadastre, such as existing of 3D property legislations, 3D DBMS, 3D visualization. However, data modelling is one of the most important elements of a successful 3D cadastre. As architectural models of houses and high rise buildings help their users visualize the final product, 3D cadastre data model supports 3D cadastre users to understand the structure or behavior of the system and has a template that guides them to construct and implement the 3D cadastre. Many jurisdictions, organizations and software developers have built their own cadastral data model. Land Administration Domain Model (DIS-ISO 19152, The Netherlands) and ePlan (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, Australia) are examples of existing data models. The variation between these data models is the result of different attitudes towards cadastres. However, there is a basic common thread among them all. Current cadastral data models use a 2D land-parcel concept and extend it to support 3D requirements. These data models cannot adequately manage and represent the spatial extent of 3D RRRs. Most of the current cadastral data models have been influenced by a very broad understanding of 3D cadastral concepts because better clarity in what needs to be represented and analysed in the cadastre needs to be established. This paper presents the first version of a 3D Cadastral Data Model (3DCDM_Version 1.0). 3DCDM models both the legal and physical extent of 3D properties and associated interests. The data model extends the traditional cadastral requirements to cover other applications such as urban planning and land valuation and taxation. A demonstration of a test system on the proposed data model is also presented. The test is based on a case study in Victoria, Australia to evaluate the effectiveness of the data model.