Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemSpatially Enabling Risk for Management of Land and Property(Surveying & Spatial Sciences Institute, 2011)
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ItemUnderstanding the relationship between spatial information, property markets and macroeconomic policy(Surveying & Spatial Sciences Institute, 2011)
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ItemSpatially enabled society(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2011)The term 'spatially enabled society' describes the emerging cultural and governance revolution offered by pervasive spatial information technologies and spatially equipped citizens. Spatially enabled societies make possible, amongst many other things, sustainable cities, GFC early warning systems, smarter delivery of housing, improved risk management, and better macroeconomic decision making. The concept is not about managing spatial information, it is about governing society spatially. Spatially enabled societies represent the realization of the promises offered by building spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) and reforming land administration systems. These building blocks, established over decades, make possible spatially enabled societies. Without tools for managing metadata, building complete national cadastres, modelling and integrating the 3rd dimension, and much other foundational work, spatially enabled societies cannot emerge. This paper explores the notion of spatially enabled societies further. Example applications are used in the discussion. The paper also demonstrates how, despite the grand possibilities of revolutionary spatial technologies and spatially aware citizens, existing infrastructures including SDIs and land administration system will still require an ongoing governance structure for spatially enabled societies to be maintained.
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ItemSpatially enabled risk management: models, cases, validation(GSDI, 2012)Risk has a spatial nature. All events that result from risks have a link to a specific location or a factor in space. Understanding where on earth these risks are present allows for these risks to be mitigated, avoided, or managed. In order to manage the risks however accurate and timely spatial information about land and property is first needed. Historically, land administration systems have held this information, however, in recent years these systems have been superseded by other infrastructures that have the capability to capture and store information spatially. While these new systems offer the advantages of spatially enabled information, the authoritative information held within land administration systems is necessary for risk management. Land administration systems need to adapt to remain relevant in the 21st century, and coordination between these land administration systems and the new infrastructures is required to increase the ability of stakeholders to manage this information for risk management purposes. A framework targeted at this issue has been developed which proposes a spatially enabled approach for managing risks for governments, industry, citizens and wider society that takes into account the current information infrastructures (including land administration systems), the stakeholders, and the relevant risks that affect land and property. This framework results in the aggregation and dissemination of consistent information about risk to land and property to all stakeholders. So far the proposed framework has not been tested; however the recent floods in Queensland present an opportunity to apply the framework in the post event environment to determine whether the framework is appropriate within the Australian context.
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ItemLand and property information in 3D(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)People increasingly live in high density urban, often high rise and multi functional buildings. These increasingly urbanized populations will predominantly live in multi-level, multipurpose, highly engineered, high-rise developments. Cities require significant infrastructure above and below the ground. Rapidly expanding vertical cities and their populations will experience a range of new environmental, social and economic challenges. The lack of an efficient and effective three dimensional solution limits the ability of the public to visualize and communicate 3D developments, the ability of architects, engineers and developers to capitalize on the full potential of 3D title models; the ability of governments and developers to visualize multi-level developments resulting in increased costs and delays; and the ability of land registries to administer a title registration system that can accommodate these increasingly complex multi-level developments. This paper aims to introduce an approach which helps address the problem of modelling and managing complex 3D property rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRR). The outcomes of this research incorporate the third dimension of height into the land subdivision and development process to build an infrastructure for managing and modelling spatial extension of these complex property RRRs. This research moves the multiple two dimensional drawings that now identify buildings and infrastructure objects and their separate parcels into authentic visual 3D representation of the building and objects that meet the exacting legal standards of ground surveys.
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ItemAuthoritative land information and Australian property markets(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)Land information has an important role to play in informing macroeconomic policy. In particular, timely and accurate market information relating to land tenure and value is essential for evidence-based fiscal and monetary decisions, such as interest rates on dept financing and assessing property base taxes. Currently in Australia, there appears to be a gap between the creators of land information at the state level and the users of the information at the federal level. The capacity of evidence-based policy is under-realised as a result. This paper explores the inter-governmental land information flows within three state-based land administration systems and the Reserve Bank and Australian Taxation Office. Results of the study show that integration of land market information is occurring within some state land agencies; however communication with federal government departments is limited, leading to information asymmetries. The paper concludes that new options for enabling more seamless land information flows need to be prioritised. Collaboration will be essential.
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ItemNations Need National Land Administration Infrastructures(FIG (International Federation of Surveyors), 2012)
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ItemContemporary land administration: the importance of being infrastructure(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)Failure to recognize land administration systems as infrastructure potentially creates funding and maintenance problems. Wider economic, social, and environmental benefits of effective land administration are put at risk. Land administration must be recognized as critical, public good infrastructure. Arguments for land administration as infrastructure reside within the land administration discipline: mainstream views regularly fail to recognize the argument. An evaluation approach for testing land administration as an infrastructure is developed and applied. The method utilizes tools for defining and classifying infrastructure, public goods, and critical infrastructures. The analysis tends to support the position of land administration as a critical, public good infrastructure. As a consequence, infrastructure funding and maintenance regimes need to be depoliticized; land administrators must continue to promote land administration outwardly; and the evaluation approach must be extended and enhanced for use in other land administration projects and studies. This paper summarizes a more extended work currently under review with the Journal of Land Use Policy.
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ItemNational land information infrastructure through a collaborative framework(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)Australia is being faced with issues which demand a national focus. These issues include natural resource management, land markets, trading in commodities such as water and carbon, and the development of national policies for housing and infrastructure. Businesses also are demanding a more national approach as an increasing number of businesses now operate nationally. This is reflected in the Australian Bureau of Statistics figures which show the number of businesses operating in all states and territories increased by 70% between 2003 and 2007. Over the past several years considerable effort has been directed by the Australian Government towards the development of a “seamless economy” to improve productivity across its federated system of government. In this environment, Land administration in Australia is also jurisdictionally based with no national infrastructure capable of delivering the land information necessary to meet Australia’s needs. In the past, this jurisdictional based approach to land administration has satisfactorily served Australia in an environment where the vast amount of service delivery by both business and government was state focused. Each jurisdiction has taken advantage of the ongoing technological developments to enhance their respective systems and it would appear that many of the needs at a jurisdictional level continue to be met. Whilst land administration has not featured specifically in this reform several of the nominated projects involved land in some form. To respond to the national drivers, this paper aims to introduce a collaborative framework for the implementation of a national land administration infrastructure which relies on the state and territory based systems as its primary source of information.
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ItemLessons for federal countries that have state land registries: the Australian experience( 2011)The federation of Australia and her states have significantly improved land information management and integration since 1982: cadastres were digitized, land registries computerized, web based GIS was incorporated, and SDIs developed. However, the risk of a Land Information Babel as espoused by Justice Kirby in 1982 still remains, particularly in the realm of land registries. Australia is now entering the era of national approaches to land registration. The proposed national eConveyancing system represents the first step. Many more initiatives will follow. This paper presents a new multi-purpose vision for Australia’s land registries. The state based systems need to continue collaboration in order to build a coherent national vision based around key registries, spatial enablement, and shared services. The power inherent in all land registry information must be unleashed. Land registries are more than simply systems for conveyancing. They are multi-purpose tools with the capacity to service society with the information needed to respond to our most pressing challenges, increasingly with a national focus. Future work must focus on building agreement for this national vision, undertaking a major cost-benefit analysis, comparing existing technical platforms, and creating awareness at higher levels of Australia’s significant land information achievements.