Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemBuilding on the third dimension(Geospatial Media & Communications, 2013)
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ItemSpatially enabled land administration: paradigm shift in land information management( 2013)The administration of land is challenged by the increasing need of clients for land information and by the creation of new land related commodities and interests. In this space, spatial information and technologies can change the way business and governments manage activities and solve problems in relation to land. Much information relates to place and locations. Some of this is spatial information, but a great deal is information that can be organised according to its impact on a place. These emerging spatial technologies potentially expand the capacity of societies. They provide possibilities for ordering information that are profoundly world changing. The more difficult task involves embedding new technologies into the most conservative and fundamental processes in land information and management of the land market, particularly, into the land registries. Regardless, the opportunities provided by emerging technologies are driving changes in the way governments interact with their citizens, principally in initiatives to spatially enable their processes, as well as their information .Building on the growing need for land information and availability of spatial technologies, this paper presents two paradigm shifts in collecting and managing land information in the context of spatially enabled land administration.
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ItemDeveloping and testing a 3D cadastral data model: a case study in Australia(ISPRS, 2012)Population growth, urbanization and industrialization place more pressure on land use with the need for increased space. To extend the use and functionality of the land, complex infrastructures are being built, both vertically and horizontally, layered and stacked. These three-dimensional (3D) developments affect the interests (Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRRs)) attached to the underlying land. A 3D cadastre will assist in managing the effects of 3D development on a particular extent of land. There are many elements that contribute to developing a 3D cadastre, such as existing of 3D property legislations, 3D DBMS, 3D visualization. However, data modelling is one of the most important elements of a successful 3D cadastre. As architectural models of houses and high rise buildings help their users visualize the final product, 3D cadastre data model supports 3D cadastre users to understand the structure or behavior of the system and has a template that guides them to construct and implement the 3D cadastre. Many jurisdictions, organizations and software developers have built their own cadastral data model. Land Administration Domain Model (DIS-ISO 19152, The Netherlands) and ePlan (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, Australia) are examples of existing data models. The variation between these data models is the result of different attitudes towards cadastres. However, there is a basic common thread among them all. Current cadastral data models use a 2D land-parcel concept and extend it to support 3D requirements. These data models cannot adequately manage and represent the spatial extent of 3D RRRs. Most of the current cadastral data models have been influenced by a very broad understanding of 3D cadastral concepts because better clarity in what needs to be represented and analysed in the cadastre needs to be established. This paper presents the first version of a 3D Cadastral Data Model (3DCDM_Version 1.0). 3DCDM models both the legal and physical extent of 3D properties and associated interests. The data model extends the traditional cadastral requirements to cover other applications such as urban planning and land valuation and taxation. A demonstration of a test system on the proposed data model is also presented. The test is based on a case study in Victoria, Australia to evaluate the effectiveness of the data model.
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ItemA GML-based approach to automate spatial metadata automation(Taylor & Francis, 2012)
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ItemLand and property information in 3D(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)People increasingly live in high density urban, often high rise and multi functional buildings. These increasingly urbanized populations will predominantly live in multi-level, multipurpose, highly engineered, high-rise developments. Cities require significant infrastructure above and below the ground. Rapidly expanding vertical cities and their populations will experience a range of new environmental, social and economic challenges. The lack of an efficient and effective three dimensional solution limits the ability of the public to visualize and communicate 3D developments, the ability of architects, engineers and developers to capitalize on the full potential of 3D title models; the ability of governments and developers to visualize multi-level developments resulting in increased costs and delays; and the ability of land registries to administer a title registration system that can accommodate these increasingly complex multi-level developments. This paper aims to introduce an approach which helps address the problem of modelling and managing complex 3D property rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRR). The outcomes of this research incorporate the third dimension of height into the land subdivision and development process to build an infrastructure for managing and modelling spatial extension of these complex property RRRs. This research moves the multiple two dimensional drawings that now identify buildings and infrastructure objects and their separate parcels into authentic visual 3D representation of the building and objects that meet the exacting legal standards of ground surveys.
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ItemNational land information infrastructure through a collaborative framework(International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2012)Australia is being faced with issues which demand a national focus. These issues include natural resource management, land markets, trading in commodities such as water and carbon, and the development of national policies for housing and infrastructure. Businesses also are demanding a more national approach as an increasing number of businesses now operate nationally. This is reflected in the Australian Bureau of Statistics figures which show the number of businesses operating in all states and territories increased by 70% between 2003 and 2007. Over the past several years considerable effort has been directed by the Australian Government towards the development of a “seamless economy” to improve productivity across its federated system of government. In this environment, Land administration in Australia is also jurisdictionally based with no national infrastructure capable of delivering the land information necessary to meet Australia’s needs. In the past, this jurisdictional based approach to land administration has satisfactorily served Australia in an environment where the vast amount of service delivery by both business and government was state focused. Each jurisdiction has taken advantage of the ongoing technological developments to enhance their respective systems and it would appear that many of the needs at a jurisdictional level continue to be met. Whilst land administration has not featured specifically in this reform several of the nominated projects involved land in some form. To respond to the national drivers, this paper aims to introduce a collaborative framework for the implementation of a national land administration infrastructure which relies on the state and territory based systems as its primary source of information.
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Item3D cadastre in Victoria: converting building plans of subdivision to LandXML(Geomares Publishing, 2011)Three-dimensional (3DD) land development is common, especially in urban areas. Management of 3D land rights, restrictions and responsibilities (3D RRRs) is one of the most important challenges in current land-administration systems, most of which are equipped with cadastres able only to maintain information in a 2D spatial information environment.
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ItemAdvanced principles of 3D cadastral data modelling(FIG, 2011)Current cadastral data models use a 2D land-parcel definition and extend it to cover 3D requirements. This approach cannot adequately manage and represent the spatial extent of 3D land rights, restrictions and responsibilities (3D RRRs). This paper aims to develop a 3D Cadastral Data Model (3DCDM) to configure 3D cadastral frameworks, manage and represent 3D RRRs, and facilitate 3D cadastre implementation. Three underlying principles have been proposed to develop the 3D Cadastral Data Model (3DCDM). These principles are: • Principle 1: The 2D cadastral data model is a sub-set of the 3D cadastral data model, • Principle 2: The 3D cadastral data model should not only accommodate 3D RRRs and their association with physical objects: the data model should also represent the spatial extent of 3D RRRs, and; • Principle 3: The 3D cadastre data model should cater for a broad range of land administration functions including land tenure, land value, land use, and land development with sufficient detail. These principles are used to assess and modify the core cadastral data model. Additionally, principles related to the legal property object are also used to modify the 3DCDM. The legal property object combines interests and its spatial dimension into a single entity. This creates more flexibility and enables inclusion of complex commodities and all kinds of RRRs. The first version of a 3D Cadastral Data Model (3CDM_Version 1.0) is provided at the end of this paper. 3DCDM maintains both legal and physical parts of 3D objects. The data model has wider application than the traditional requirements of cadastral systems: it is also usable in applications such as urban planning and disaster management.
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