Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemCritical issues in global geographic information management - with a detailed focused on data integration and interoperability of systems and data( 2010)The GSDI Association continues its support for the United Nations for taking the initiative on this critical global geographic information issue; and is willing to contribute to new arrangements to improve global geographic information management. The role of the GSDI Association, in essence, is to facilitate better global outcomes through utilisation of geographic information and spatial data infrastructures (SDIs). This role directly complements the proposal to establish a United Nations Committee on Global Geographic Information Management (UNCGGIM). The GSDI Association's view of the changes now taking place in the geographic information world and these changes exemplify convergence of technologies and disciplines. These changes need to be influenced where appropriate, and leveraged, by the global geographic information community, particularly by the United Nations. This paper presents some views related to the “critical issues in global geographic information management” and in particular a response to the following issues: - Governance: is global governance relevant and necessary? - Interoperability of systems and data - Data integration and layering, and - Capacity building and technology transfer In responding to these issues, the paper however provides a more detailed discussions on “interoperability of systems and data” and “data integration” in particular the technical and non-technical issues and heterogeneity associated with multi-sourced spatial data integration in the context of SDI.
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ItemAutomatic spatial metadata enrichment: reducing metadata creation burden through spatial folksonomies(Leuven University Press, 2010)Metadata plays a key role in facilitating access to up-to-date spatial information and contributes to the finding and delivering of high quality spatial information services to users. In particular, metadata is an important element in functioning and facilitating spatial data infrastructure (SDI) initiatives. With huge amount of spatial information being generated, a spatial application must be sufficiently flexible to extract and update spatial metadata automatically. Automatic spatial metadata generation framework includes three fundamental but complementary streams; automatic creation, automatic update and automatic enrichment of spatial metadata. This paper explores the automatic metadata enrichment stream based on the tagging and folksonomy concepts. The paper argues how folksonomies help bringing the vocabulary of spatial data users into play and using them hand in hand with those sometimes mysterious terms supplied by experts in metadata records. The paper then builds on the tagging and folksonomy concepts and proposes a conceptual model to employ them for spatial metadata enrichment. The paper finally discusses advantages and disadvantages of this approach against formal type of organizing spatial metadata.
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ItemExploring the key areas of spatial metadata automation research in Australia(Leuven University Press, 2010)Improving the spatial metadata management process to facilitate data discovery, access and retrieval through an SDI platform has been the goal of a number of organizations at different jurisdictional levels in Australia. A current linkage research project titled “Spatial Metadata Automation” is being conducted at the University of Melbourne in conjunction with some industry partners. This research project aims to explore different approaches for automating spatial metadata so that the process of creating and updating spatial metadata – where feasible – becomes automatic. As part of the project an online questionnaire was designed and distributed within the major organizations dealing with spatial data in Australia to assess the users’ needs regarding metadata automation and also the current status of the activities in metadata creation and updating. This paper presents the results of the assessment process and explores the key areas of spatial metadata automation research in Australia. It also reviews some of the more important initiatives regarding spatial metadata in this country and explains the characteristics and framework of the current research. The paper then discusses the structure of the questionnaire and the results of the responses analysis. Finally, the findings, future needs and research questions are presented.
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ItemONTOLOGY BASED SDI TO FACILITATE SPATIALLY ENABLED SOCIETY(GSDI 12, 2010)
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ItemGeospatial strategic planning for Isfahan municipality(Leuven University Press, 2010)Nowadays, globalization and rapid changes in developing countries affect the behavior and culture of people. Adapting to these changes is the vital means to remain in the competition of being a developed society. One of the most important changes is the relationship between humans and land which have evolved by way of many parameters such as globalization, urbanization, technological and economic reforms. In order to be able to adapt this changing relationship it is required to enable societies by developing new infrastructures and tools. Strategic planning is a key concept for effective and successful development of these infrastructures and tools which have to be considered by the governments and decision makers. The municipality of Isfahan, a metropolitan city in the central part of the Iran, in 2006 established a strategic plan for spatial data and services infrastructure and its first revision and evaluation has been done in 2009. This paper describing the principals of spatial strategic planning in multi-unit organizations, such as municipalities, the results of establishing this strategic plan in Isfahan municipality is also presented. The geospatial strategic plan in this project had four stages including comparative studies, investigating high level related documents, developing visions and missions and designing GIS strategic plan using SWOT analysis. In this study, major strategies and policies are proposed in the domains of Geospatial Businesses (GB), Geospatial Systems and Services (GSS), Geospatial Data (GD) and Geospatial Information Technology (GIT). In order to achieve the high level performance, different infrastructure components for enabling geospatial businesses, projects for geospatial enabling systems and services, projects for enabling geospatial data acquisition and different projects for enabling geospatial information technology are proposed. Concentrating on spatial data and service infrastructures and capacity building, an evaluation of an ongoing plan has also been done to check the compliance of that with the new changes and conditions. The evaluation illustrates that the plan leads to better realizing spatially enabling Isfahan municipality to deliver better services to its citizens.
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ItemSpatially enabling coastal zone management: drivers, design elements, and future research directions(Leuven University Press, 2010)This paper provides an insight to the drivers, design elements and issues associated with spatially enabling the management of coastal zones, in particular coastal property rights, restrictions and responsibilities. Coastal zones are encumbered by hundreds of property rights, restrictions, and responsibilities. These are created to manage coastal population increases, climate change, and to deliver good governance. Currently, the interests are managed disparately across and between governments: sustainability requires these interests to be managed in an integrated fashion. Spatial enablement can deliver information integration and minimizes the need for redesigning legal, institutional and administrative frameworks. This is recognized in international, regional, and national coastal forums. Emerging concepts including Marine Cadastres, Marine SDI, Seamless SDIs, and Property Objects will inform the solution, however, this paper suggests further research is required to fully understand the complete legal, administrative and technical arrangements in the coastal zone. Moreover, methods for streamlining the integration of property and non-property information are required, particularly the harmonization vertical datums. Finally, the feasibility of spatially enablement needs to be assessed.
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ItemImplementing a Municipal SDI with Service Oriented Architecture(GSDI 12, 2010)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableCadastral futures: building a new vision for the nature and role of cadastres(FIG Congress 2010, 2010)Over the last thirty years spatial information technologies and sustainability theory drove the creation of new visions, models and roles for the cadastre. Concepts including multi purpose cadastres, Cadastre 2014, and sustainable land administration radically altered understandings of the cadastre and its potential. Many of these concepts continue to be relevant in the contemporary context; however, like all disciplines, cadastral science must continue to look to the future to remain relevant. This paper begins this process and aims to provide preliminary insights into the characteristics and potential role of future cadastres. A qualitative research design based upon an exploratory case study underpins the research. Factors including globalisation, population urbanization, good governance, climate-change response, environmental management, 3D visualization/analysis technologies, wireless sensor networks, standardization, and interoperability are found to be driving developments in the cadastral domain. Consequently, six design elements of future cadastre emerge: Survey-Accurate Cadastres, Object-Oriented Cadastres, 3D/4D Cadastres, Real-Time Cadastres, Global Cadastres, and Organic Cadastres. Together, these elements provide a preliminary vision for the role and nature of future cadastres: the elements can be seen as likely characteristics of future cadastres. Collaborative research, potentially through the FIG framework, would enable further development of these design elements and would assist in defining the nature and role of future cadastral systems.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableSpatially enabled society role of the cadastre(FIG Congress 2010, 2010)The evolution from paper to digital maps was a significant step in the use of spatial data andinformation. The many technologies and gadgets available nowadays on the web as well as inour hands provide spatial information to more people for increased use and functionality.Modern societies are as much in need of spatial information in order to make the rightdecisions at the right time. Concepts such as eGovernment, good government, civicparticipation, land administration and land management play an increasingly important role,mainly in regard of the urgent issues of sustainable development.The key to attain sustainable development is sound land governance based on reliable landinformation. Land governance is about the policies, processes and institutions by which land,property, and natural resources are managed, while land information is providing basicinformation about land use, land ownership and land values. Especially the documentation ofland ownership through a reliable cadastral system and the consequential accountability is acrucial element not only from a social and economic point of view, but also from anenvironmental point of view.Such factors are at the base of a spatially enabled government and society, in which«location» – provided by a positioning infrastructure – and «spatial information» – providedby a spatial data infrastructure – are readily available to citizens and businesses. The cadastrein its own right and with its information on land ownership underpins any nation's ability tomanage land and its resources. The cadastral data, however, need to be integrated in broaderland administration systems in order to contribute to the overall goal of sustainabledevelopment.This paper will investigate what a spatially enabled society entails, how the cadastre and thecadastral land surveyors fit in and what their contributions look like.