Infrastructure Engineering - Research Publications
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ItemImplementing spatially enabled government (SEG) concept in Indonesian local government, challenges and opportunities(Aura, 2010)Most government decisions and action at national and local levels have a spatial component. Local government activities with spatial components include, but are not limited to, spatial planning, land management, taxation, and the issue of building and site permits. A framework for governing spatially related activities needs to be formulated. An emerging concept of Spatially Enabled Government (SEG) is currently being developed, refined and implemented in many countries. SEG will increase efficiency, transparency and accountability of government activities. This paper will discuss the SEG concept, its prospects and challenges when implemented in the context of Indonesian local government. Local government in this paper refers only to district (kabupaten/kota) level. The following data were used: survey on local government’s website and questionnaire. Of the 479 districts in Indonesia, official websites of 442 districts established after 2006 were surveyed. Questionnaires were sent out to 71 districts, with 34 responses being received. The questionnaire covered areas of organization, human resources and spatial data infrastructures (SDIs). It was designed to investigate the existing capacity and understanding of local government spatial governance, specifically at the local planning agency. Website surveys revealed that local government had limited interest in exploiting the virtually unlimited potential of internet for spatially-related government activities. SDI, as an enabling platform for data sharing and exchange among government agencies, has not been considered important. Comprehensive policies on spatially-related government programmes were limited. Finding from the questionnaires indicates that funding and qualification of human resources were the main responsible factors for this situation. Local governments have limited staffs with expertise in spatial data handling. Some recommendations to overcome the challenges and impediments are presented. Although there are challenges and impediments, SEG may still be implemented in local government provided some necessary conditions are met. Recent central government initiatives on national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI) and telecommunication infrastructure, which will be implemented in the near future, are essential to speed up the process of creating better spatial data governance in local government.
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ItemIntegrating Spatial Planning and Disaster Risk Reduction at the Local Level in the Context of Spatially Enabled Government(Leuven University Press, 2010)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableImpediments in e-Planning in local government - Indonesian case study(FIG Congress 2010 - Facing the Challenges - Building the Capacity, 2010)Spatial planning is one of the most complex government activities since it involves multi stakeholders and directly influence the way community interact with land. Main deliverables of spatial planning is regulations and maps of planning zones. They need be delivered to community effectively and transparently. Traditional method of providing this service is by using printed material which sometime impractical, immobile, difficult to maintain and limiting public access. Internet offers improvement of this process by enabling electronic delivery of planning regulations and maps, and facilitating online transaction. The implementation of e-Planning depend on several factors, among them are human resources, funding, and ICT infrastructures. This paper describes findings on what challenges and impediments faced by local government in Indonesia if they want to implement e-Planning concepts. It was base on the findings from questionnaires distributed to local planning agencies and websites survey. Three broad aspect were investigated, organization, ICT infrastructures and spatial data infrastructures. Websites survey was conducted to investigate how local government and local planning agencies make use of their websites. There are some impediments in implementing e-Planning in Indonesian local government. They include staff qualification, limitedly available funding, ICT infrastructures, and institutional arrangement. To overcome this situation, a gradual steps approach is proposed, which includes technical and non-technical matters.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableStudying spatial plan in coastal urban environment - facing global threatand adapting to local condition(FIG Congress 2010 - Facing the Challenges - Building the Capacity, 2010)Spatial planning is a process involving projection on future usage of space. It requires in put from different sectors and stakeholders. Nowadays planners are also confronted with the increasing number of disasters in highly populated and economically important areas. There is a growing needs and awareness to incorporate disaster risk information in the spatial planning. One of the particular areas vulnerable to disaster is coastal urban environment. It is facing global threat from the impact of climate change and local-driven natural hazards. The paper firstly reviews literature on coastal urban cities and its characteristic. It also presents their function and importance to the society in terms of economic development and environmental sustainability. It then followed by a review on recent studies on global warming and natural hazards confronted by coastal cities as well as a conceptual frame work to reduce them. Spatial plan was proposed as a long term framework to facilitate disaster risk reduction. The paper took a case study approach using a medium size city of Semarang in Indonesia as an illustration. Three aspects were evaluated, how the spatial plan linked to the idea of disaster risk reduction, how the spatial plan address the issue of disaster risk reduction and how the spatial plan map represent disaster risk reduction effort. The findings indicate that the recent spatial planning documents in the case study area have made considerable progresses in addressing coastal disaster risk issues. The number of disaster related issues discussed in the Spatial Planning documents of 2010 to 2030 is much higher than those of 2000 to 2010. Guidance on what types of land use appropriate for hazard prone area and plans on hazard modification was provided. General directions for development restriction in hazard prone areas were also provided. Overall the city of Semarang has made considerable progress in addressing the numerous types of locally driven natural hazards, although with little reference to global threat from climate change.