The thesis analyses the complex nexus between employment and peace in the conflict-affected region of Sri Lanka since the end of the war. Based primarily on in-depth interviews and using a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework, it identifies several factors that have created a disadvantageous employment situation for small businesses, youth, ex-combatants and war-widows, despite perceptions that improved employment is essential for durable peace. It concludes that the government, private sector and other stakeholders must alter their approaches and commitment to create employment-based peace-dividends.