Architecture, Building and Planning - Theses

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Author: Farago, Adrienne × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1980 × Type: Masters Coursework thesis ×

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    'Nature Conservation' and Materialist Theory
    Farago, Adrienne (University of Melbourne, 1984)
    The environmental consciousness leading to a widespread belief in the existence of an 'environmental crisis' has been spreading through western societies since the late 1960s. A materialist view of society, based on the belief in the importance of the economic base in the political and social evolution and structure of societies, has been present for even longer. Paradigmatic debates relating to the appropriateness of the materialist viewpoint have been apparent in discussions of environmental problems as with other social issues. For some time, however, the materialist debate ignored environmental problems, for two main reasons: because it was felt that the social principles of primary concern to those within the materialist paradigm were incompatible with concern for environmental problems; and because environmental problems were seen to be peculiar to capitalist conditions This paper takes the view that environmental problems have an objective reality which must be debated within the materialist paradigm. The aim is to take a first step towards an analysis of the role of "nature conservation" - one type of environmental issue - in a materialist theory of society. The method used is to examine nature conservation issues in Victoria using materialist concepts or theoretical tools. The main concept used is the materialist theory of the state, but other concepts such as surplus value extracted from the environment, the commodification of natural values, and the role of nature appreciation as 'culture', are also discussed. Throughout the paper, the previously-mentioned themes of the elitism of environmental concerns, and the particular relationship between environmental problems and capitalist society, are highlighted, in an attempt to end the argument that the materialist viewpoint and the environmental viewpoint are incompatible.