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    Department of Error.
    Reiner, RC ; Wiens, KE ; Deshpande, A ; Baumann, MM ; Lindstedt, PA ; Blacker, BF ; Troeger, CE ; Earl, L ; Munro, SB ; Abate, D ; Abbastabar, H ; Abd-Allah, F ; Abdelalim, A ; Abdollahpour, I ; Abdulkader, RS ; Abebe, G ; Abegaz, KH ; Abreu, LG ; Abrigo, MRM ; Accrombessi, MMK ; Acharya, D ; Adabi, M ; Adebayo, OM ; Adedoyin, RA ; Adekanmbi, V ; Adetokunboh, OO ; Adham, D ; Adhena, BM ; Afarideh, M ; Ahmadi, K ; Ahmadi, M ; Ahmed, AE ; Ahmed, MB ; Ahmed, R ; Ajumobi, O ; Akal, CG ; Akalu, TY ; Akanda, AS ; Alamene, GM ; Alanzi, TM ; Albright, JR ; Alcalde Rabanal, JE ; Alemnew, BT ; Alemu, ZA ; Ali, BA ; Ali, M ; Alijanzadeh, M ; Alipour, V ; Aljunid, SM ; Almasi, A ; Almasi-Hashiani, A ; Al-Mekhlafi, HM ; Altirkawi, K ; Alvis-Guzman, N ; Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ ; Amare, AT ; Amini, S ; Amit, AML ; Andrei, CL ; Anegago, MT ; Anjomshoa, M ; Ansari, F ; Antonio, CAT ; Antriyandarti, E ; Appiah, SCY ; Arabloo, J ; Aremu, O ; Armoon, B ; Aryal, KK ; Arzani, A ; Asadi-Lari, M ; Ashagre, AF ; Atalay, HT ; Atique, S ; Atre, SR ; Ausloos, M ; Avila-Burgos, L ; Awasthi, A ; Awoke, N ; Ayala Quintanilla, BP ; Ayano, G ; Ayanore, MA ; Ayele, AA ; Aynalem, YA ; Azari, S ; Babaee, E ; Badawi, A ; Bakkannavar, SM ; Balakrishnan, S ; Bali, AG ; Banach, M ; Barac, A ; Barnighausen, TW ; Basaleem, H ; Bassat, Q ; Bayati, M ; Bedi, N ; Behzadifar, M ; Behzadifar, M ; Bekele, YA (Elsevier BV, 2020-06-06)
    Reiner RC Jr, Hay SI. Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2020; 395: 1779–801—In this Article, the author byline has been amended to Local Burden of Disease Diarrhoea Collaborators. This correction has been made to the online version as of June 4, 2020, and the printed version is correct.
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    Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017.
    LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators, (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-08)
    An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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    Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    Abbafati, C ; Abbas, KM ; Abbasi, M ; Abbasifard, M ; Abbasi-Kangevari, M ; Abbastabar, H ; Abd-Allah, F ; Abdelalim, A ; Abdollahi, M ; Abdollahpour, I ; Abedi, A ; Abedi, P ; Abegaz, KH ; Abolhassani, H ; Abosetugn, AE ; Aboyans, V ; Abrams, EM ; Abreu, LG ; Abrigo, MRM ; Abu Haimed, AK ; Abualhasan, A ; Abu-Gharbieh, E ; Abu-Raddad, LJ ; Abushouk, AI ; Acebedo, A ; Ackerman, IN ; Adabi, M ; Adair, T ; Adamu, AA ; Adebayo, OM ; Adedeji, IA ; Adekanmbi, V ; Adelson, JD ; Adeoye, AM ; Adetokunboh, OO ; Adham, D ; Advani, SM ; Afarideh, M ; Afshari, M ; Afshin, A ; Agardh, EE ; Agarwal, G ; Agasthi, P ; Agesa, KM ; Aghaali, M ; Aghamir, SMK ; Agrawal, A ; Ahmad, T ; Ahmadi, A ; Ahmadi, K ; Ahmadi, M ; Ahmadieh, H ; Ahmadpour, E ; Ahmed, MB ; Aji, B ; Akalu, TY ; Akinyemi, RO ; Akinyemiju, T ; Akombi, B ; Akunna, CJ ; Alahdab, F ; Al-Aly, Z ; Alam, K ; Alam, N ; Alam, S ; Alam, T ; Alanezi, FM ; Alanzi, TM ; Albertson, SB ; Alcalde-Rabanal, JE ; Alema, NM ; Alemu, BW ; Alemu, YM ; Alhabib, KF ; Alhassan, RK ; Ali, M ; Ali, S ; Alicandro, G ; Alijanzadeh, M ; Alinia, C ; Alipour, V ; Alizade, H ; Aljunid, SM ; Alla, F ; Allebeck, P ; Almadi, MAH ; Almasi, A ; Almasi-Hashiani, A ; Almasri, NA ; Al-Mekhlafi, HM ; Almulhim, AM ; Alonso, J ; Al-Raddadi, RM ; Altirkawi, KA ; Alumran, AK ; Alvis-Guzman, N ; Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ ; Amare, AT ; Amare, B ; Amini, S ; Amini-Rarani, M ; Aminorroaya, A ; Amiri, F ; Amit, AML ; Amugsi, DA ; Amul, GGH ; Anbesu, EW ; Ancuceanu, R ; Anderlini, D ; Anderson, JA ; Andrei, CL ; Andrei, T ; Androudi, S ; Angus, C ; Anjomshoa, M ; Ansari, F ; Ansari, I ; Ansari-Moghaddam, A ; Antonazzo, IC ; Antonio, CAT ; Antony, CM ; Antriyandarti, E ; Anvari, D ; Anwer, R ; Appiah, SCY ; Arabloo, J ; Arab-Zozani, M ; Aravkin, AY ; Arba, AAK ; Aremu, O ; Ariani, F ; Aripov, T ; Armoon, B ; Arnlov, J ; Arowosegbe, OO ; Aryal, KK ; Arzani, A ; Asaad, M ; Asadi-Aliabadi, M ; Asadi-Pooya, AA ; Asgari, S ; Asghari, B ; Jafarabadi, MA ; Ashbaugh, C ; Assmus, M ; Atafar, Z ; Athari, SS ; Atnafu, DD ; Atout, MMW ; Atre, SR ; Atteraya, MS ; Ausloos, F ; Ausloos, M ; Avila-Burgos, L ; Avokpaho, EFGA ; Quintanilla, BPA ; Ayano, G ; Ayanore, MA ; Aynalem, GL ; Aynalem, YA ; Ayza, MA ; Azari, S ; Azarian, G ; Azene, ZN ; Azhar, G ; Azzopardi, PS ; Darshan, BB ; Babaee, E ; Badawi, A ; Badiye, AD ; Bagherzadeh, M ; Bagli, E ; Bahrami, MA ; Baig, AA ; Bairwa, M ; Bakhshaei, MH ; Bakhtiari, A ; Bakkannavar, SM ; Balachandran, A ; Balakrishnan, S ; Balalla, S ; Balassyano, S ; Baldasseroni, A ; Ball, K ; Ballew, SH ; Balzi, D ; Banach, M ; Banerjee, SK ; Banik, PC ; Bannick, MS ; Bante, AB ; Bante, SA ; Baraki, AG ; Barboza, MA ; Barker-Collo, SL ; Barnighausen, TW ; Barrero, LH ; Barthelemy, CM ; Barua, L ; Barzegar, A ; Basaleem, H ; Bassat, Q ; Basu, S ; Baune, BT ; Bayati, M ; Baye, BA ; Bazmandegan, G ; Becker, JS ; Bedi, N ; Beghi, E ; Behzadifar, M ; Bejot, Y ; Bekuma, TTT ; Bell, ML ; Bello, AK ; Bender, RG ; Bennett, DA ; Bennitt, FB ; Bensenor, IM ; Benziger, CP ; Berhe, K ; Berman, AE ; Bernabe, E ; Bernstein, RS ; Bertolacci, GJ ; Bhagavathula, AS ; Bhageerathy, R ; Bhala, N ; Bhandari, D ; Bhardwaj, P ; Bhat, AG ; Bhattacharyya, K ; Bhattarai, S ; Bhutta, ZA ; Bibi, S ; Biehl, MH ; Bijani, A ; Bikbov, B ; Bilano, V ; Bin Sayeed, MS ; Biondi, A ; Birihane, BM ; Bisanzio, D ; Bisignano, C ; Biswas, RK ; Bitew, H ; Bjorge, T ; Bockarie, MJ ; Bohlouli, S ; Bohluli, M ; Bojia, HA ; Bolla, SR ; Boloor, A ; Boon-Dooley, AS ; Borges, G ; Borzi, AM ; Borzouei, S ; Bose, D ; Bosetti, C ; Boufous, S ; Bourne, R ; Brady, OJ ; Braithwaite, D ; Brauer, M ; Brayne, C ; Breitborde, NJK ; Breitner, S ; Brenner, H ; Breusov, AV ; Briant, PS ; Briggs, AM ; Briko, AN ; Briko, NI ; Britton, GB ; Brugha, T ; Bryazka, D ; Buchbinder, R ; Bumgarner, BR ; Burkart, K ; Burnett, RT ; Nagaraja, SB ; Busse, R ; Butt, ZA ; Caetano dos Santos, FL ; Cahill, LE ; Cahuana-Hurtado, L ; Cai, T ; Callender, CSKH ; Camera, LA ; Campos-Nonato, IR ; Rincon, JCC ; Cao, J ; Car, J ; Cardenas, R ; Carreras, G ; Carrero, JJ ; Carvalho, F ; Castaldelli-Maia, JM ; Castaneda-Orjuela, CA ; Castelpietra, G ; Castle, CD ; Castro, E ; Castro, F ; Catala-Lopez, F ; Causey, K ; Cederroth, CR ; Cercy, KM ; Cerin, E ; Chalek, J ; Chandan, JS ; Chang, AR ; Chang, AY ; Chang, J-C ; Chang, K-L ; Charan, J ; Charlson, FJ ; Chattu, VK ; Chaturvedi, S ; Cherbuin, N ; Chimed-Ochir, O ; Chin, KL ; Chirinos-Caceres, JL ; Cho, DY ; Choi, J-YJ ; Christensen, H ; Chu, D-T ; Chung, MT ; Chung, S-C ; Cicuttini, FM ; Ciobanu, LG ; Cirillo, M ; Cislaghi, B ; Classen, TKD ; Cohen, AJ ; Collins, EL ; Comfort, H ; Compton, K ; Conti, S ; Cooper, OR ; Corso, B ; Cortesi, PA ; Costa, VM ; Cousin, E ; Cowden, RG ; Cowie, BC ; Cromwell, EA ; Croneberger, AJ ; Cross, DH ; Cross, M ; Crowe, CS ; Cruz, JA ; Cummins, S ; Cunningham, M ; Dahlawi, SMA ; Dai, H ; Dai, H ; Damasceno, AAM ; Damiani, G ; D'Amico, E ; Dandona, L ; Dandona, R ; Daneshpajouhnejad, P ; Dangel, WJ ; Danielsson, A-K ; Gela, JD ; Dargan, PI ; Darwesh, AM ; Daryani, A ; Das, JK ; Das Gupta, R ; Das Neves, J ; Dash, AP ; Davey, G ; Davila-Cervantes, CA ; Davis, AC ; Davitoiu, DV ; Davletov, K ; De Leo, D ; De Neve, J-W ; Dean, FE ; DeCleene, NK ; Deen, A ; Degenhardt, L ; DeLang, M ; Dellavalle, RP ; Demeke, FM ; Demoz, GT ; Demsie, DG ; Denova-Gutierrez, E ; Dereje, ND ; Deribe, K ; Dervenis, N ; Desai, R ; Desalew, A ; Dessie, GA ; Deuba, K ; Dharmaratne, SD ; Dhungana, GP ; Dianatinasab, M ; da Silva, DD ; Diaz, D ; Forooshani, ZSD ; Dichgans, M ; Didarloo, A ; Dingels, ZV ; Dippenaar, IN ; Dirac, MA ; Djalalinia, S ; Do, HT ; Dokova, K ; Doku, DT ; Dolecek, C ; Dolgert, AJ ; Dorostkar, F ; Doshi, CP ; Doshi, PP ; Doshmangir, L ; Douiri, A ; Doxey, MC ; Doyle, KE ; Driscoll, TR ; Dubljanin, E ; Dunachie, SJ ; Duncan, BB ; Duraes, AR ; Eagan, AW ; Ebrahimi, H ; Kalan, ME ; Edvardsson, D ; Effiong, A ; Ehrlich, JR ; El Nahas, N ; El Sayed, I ; Zaki, MES ; El Tantawi, M ; Elbarazi, I ; Elgendy, IY ; Elhabashy, HR ; El-Jaafary, SI ; Elsharkawy, A ; Elyazar, IRF ; Emamian, MH ; Emmons-Bell, S ; Erskine, HE ; Eshrati, B ; Eskandari, K ; Eskandarieh, S ; Esmaeilnejad, S ; Esmaeilzadeh, F ; Esteghamati, A ; Esteghamati, S ; Estep, K ; Etemadi, A ; Etisso, AE ; Ezekannagha, O ; Fanzo, J ; Farag, T ; Farahmand, M ; Faraj, A ; Faraon, EJA ; Fareed, M ; Faridnia, R ; Farinha, CSES ; Farioli, A ; Faris, PS ; Faro, A ; Faruque, M ; Farzadfar, F ; Fattahi, N ; Fazaeli, AA ; Fazlzadeh, M ; Feigin, VL ; Feldman, R ; Fereshtehnejad, S-M ; Fernandes, E ; Ferrara, G ; Ferrara, P ; Ferrari, AJ ; Ferreira, ML ; Feyissa, GT ; Filip, I ; Fischer, F ; Fisher, JL ; Fitzgerald, R ; Flohr, C ; Flor, LS ; Foigt, NA ; Folayan, MO ; Fomenkov, AA ; Force, LM ; Fornari, C ; Foroutan, M ; Fox, JT ; Francis, JM ; Frank, TD ; Franklin, RC ; Freitas, M ; Fu, W ; Fukumoto, T ; Fukutaki, K ; Fuller, JE ; Fullman, N ; Furtado, JM ; Gad, MM ; Gaidhane, AM ; Gakidou, E ; Galles, NC ; Gallus, S ; Gamkrelidze, A ; Garcia-Basteiro, AL ; Gardner, WM ; Geberemariyam, BS ; Gebrehiwot, AM ; Gebremedhin, KB ; Gebremeskel, GG ; Gebremeskel, LG ; Gebresillassie, BM ; Gebreslassie, AAAA ; Geramo, YCD ; Geremew, A ; Hayoon, AG ; Gesesew, HA ; Gething, PW ; Gezae, KE ; Ghadimi, M ; Ghadiri, K ; Ghaffarifar, F ; Ghafourifard, M ; Ghajar, A ; Ghamari, F ; Ghashghaee, A ; Ghiasvand, H ; Ghith, N ; Gholamian, A ; Ghosh, R ; Giampaoli, S ; Gilani, SA ; Gill, PS ; Gill, TK ; Gillum, RF ; Ginawi, IA ; Ginindza, TG ; Gitimoghaddam, M ; Giussani, G ; Glagn, M ; Glushkova, EV ; Gnedovskaya, EV ; Godinho, MA ; Goharinezhad, S ; Golechha, M ; Goli, S ; Gomez, RS ; Gona, PN ; Gopalani, SV ; Goren, E ; Gorini, G ; Gorman, TM ; Gottlich, HC ; Goudarzi, H ; Goudarzian, AH ; Goulart, AC ; Goulart, BNG ; Grada, A ; Greaves, F ; Grivna, M ; Grosso, G ; Gubari, MIM ; Gudi, N ; Gugnani, HC ; Guimaraes, ALS ; Guimaraes, RA ; Guled, RA ; Gultie, T ; Guo, G ; Guo, Y ; Gupta, R ; Gupta, R ; Sharan, S ; Gupta, T ; Haagsma, JA ; Hachinski, V ; Haddock, B ; Hafezi-Nejad, N ; Hafiz, A ; Hagins, H ; Haile, LM ; Haile, TG ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Hall, BJ ; Halvaei, I ; Hamadeh, RR ; Abdullah, KH ; Hameed, S ; Hamidi, S ; Hamilton, EB ; Hammer, MS ; Han, C ; Han, H ; Handiso, DW ; Hanif, A ; Hankey, GJ ; Haririan, H ; Haro, JM ; Harvey, JD ; Hasaballah, AI ; Hasan, MM ; Hasanpoor, E ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Hashemian, M ; Hashi, A ; Hassan, A ; Hassan, S ; Hassanipour, S ; Hassankhani, H ; Havmoeller, RJ ; Hay, RJ ; Hay, SI ; Hayat, K ; Heibati, B ; Heidari, B ; Heidari, G ; Heidari-Soureshjani, R ; Hendrie, D ; Henny, K ; Henok, A ; Henrikson, HJ ; Henry, NJ ; Herbert, ME ; Herteliu, C ; Heydarpour, F ; Hird, TR ; Ho, HC ; Hoek, HW ; Hole, MK ; Holla, R ; Hollingsworth, B ; Hoogar, P ; Hopf, KP ; Horita, N ; Hosgood, HD ; Hossain, N ; Hosseini, M ; Hosseinzadeh, M ; Hostiuc, M ; Hostiuc, S ; Househ, M ; Hoy, DG ; Hsairi, M ; Hsiao, T ; Hsieh, VC-R ; Hu, G ; Hu, K ; Huda, TM ; Hugo, FN ; Humayun, A ; Hussain, R ; Huynh, CK ; Hwang, B-F ; Iannucci, VC ; Iavicoli, I ; Ibeneme, CU ; Ibitoye, SE ; Ikeda, N ; Ikuta, KS ; Ilesanmi, OS ; Ilic, IM ; Ilic, MD ; Imani-Nasab, MH ; Inbaraj, LR ; Ippolito, H ; Iqbal, U ; Irvani, SSN ; Irvine, CMS ; Islam, MM ; Islam, M ; Islam, SMS ; Islami, F ; Iso, H ; Ivers, RQ ; Iwu, CCD ; Iwu, CJ ; Iyamu, IO ; Jaafari, J ; Jacobsen, KH ; Jadidi-Niaragh, F ; Jafari, H ; Jafarinia, M ; Jahagirdar, D ; Jahani, MA ; Jahanmehr, N ; Jakovljevic, M ; Jalali, A ; Jalilian, F ; James, SL ; Janjani, H ; Janodia, MD ; Javaheri, T ; Javidnia, J ; Jayatilleke, AU ; Jeemon, P ; Jenabi, E ; Jha, RP ; Jha, V ; Ji, JS ; Jia, P ; Johansson, L ; John, O ; John-Akinola, YO ; Johnson, CO ; Johnson, SC ; Jonas, JB ; Joo, T ; Joshi, A ; Joukar, F ; Jozwiak, JJ ; Jurisson, M ; Kabir, A ; Kabir, Z ; Kalani, H ; Kalani, R ; Kalankesh, LR ; Kalhor, R ; Kamath, AM ; Kamiab, Z ; Kanchan, T ; Kapoor, N ; Matin, BK ; Karanikolos, M ; Karch, A ; Karim, MA ; Karimi, SE ; Karimi, SA ; Karimi, SM ; Kasa, AS ; Kassa, GM ; Kassebaum, NJ ; Katikireddi, SV ; Kawakami, N ; Kayode, GA ; Karyani, AK ; Keddie, SH ; Keiyoro, PN ; Keller, C ; Kemmer, L ; Kendrick, PJ ; Kereselidze, M ; Khader, YS ; Khafaie, MA ; Khalid, N ; Khammarnia, M ; Khan, EA ; Khan, G ; Khan, M ; Khang, Y-H ; Khatab, K ; Khater, AM ; Khater, MM ; Khatib, MN ; Khayamzadeh, M ; Khazaei, S ; Khazaie, H ; Khodayari, MT ; Khoja, AT ; Khubchandani, J ; Khundkar, R ; Kianipour, N ; Kieling, C ; Kim, C-I ; Kim, D ; Kim, Y-E ; Kim, YJ ; Kimokoti, RW ; Kinfu, Y ; Kisa, A ; Kisa, S ; Kissimova-Skarbek, K ; Kissoon, N ; Kivimaki, M ; Kneib, CJ ; Knibbs, LD ; Knight, M ; Knudsen, AKS ; Kocarnik, JM ; Kochhar, S ; Koh, DSQ ; Kohler, S ; Kolola, T ; Komaki, H ; Kopec, JA ; Korotkova, AV ; Korshunov, VA ; Kosen, S ; Kotlo, A ; Koul, PA ; Koyanagi, A ; Kraemer, MUG ; Kravchenko, MA ; Krishan, K ; Krohn, KJ ; Kromhout, H ; Shaji, KS ; Defo, BK ; Bicer, BK ; Kugbey, N ; Kulkarni, V ; Kumar, GA ; Kumar, M ; Kumar, N ; Kumar, P ; Kumar, V ; Kumaresh, G ; Kurmi, OP ; Kusuma, D ; Kyu, HH ; La Vecchia, C ; Ben, L ; Lal, DK ; Lalloo, R ; Lallukka, T ; Lam, JO ; Lami, FH ; Lan, Q ; Landires, I ; Lang, JJ ; Langan, SM ; Lansingh, VC ; Lansky, S ; Larson, HJ ; Larson, SL ; Larsson, AO ; Lasrado, S ; Lassi, ZS ; Lau, KM-M ; Lauriola, P ; Lavados, PM ; Lazarus, JV ; Leal, LF ; Leasher, JL ; Ledesma, JR ; Lee, PH ; Lee, SWH ; Leever, AT ; LeGrand, KE ; Leigh, J ; Leonardi, M ; Lescinsky, H ; Leung, J ; Levi, M ; Lewington, S ; Li, B ; Li, S ; Lim, L-L ; Lin, C ; Lin, R-T ; Linehan, C ; Linn, S ; Listl, S ; Liu, H-C ; Liu, S ; Liu, S ; Liu, X ; Liu, Y ; Liu, Z ; Lo, J ; Lodha, R ; Logroscino, G ; Looker, KJ ; Lopez, AD ; Lopez, JCF ; Lopukhov, PD ; Lorkowski, S ; Lotufo, PA ; Lozano, R ; Lu, A ; Lucas, TCD ; Lugo, A ; Lunevicius, R ; Lyons, RA ; Ma, J ; Machado, DB ; MacLachlan, JH ; Madadin, M ; Maddison, ER ; Maddison, R ; Madotto, F ; Abd El Razek, HM ; Abd El Razek, MM ; Mahasha, PW ; Mahdavi, MM ; Mahmoudi, M ; Mai, HT ; Majeed, A ; Malagon-Rojas, JN ; Maled, V ; Maleki, A ; Maleki, S ; Malekzadeh, R ; Malta, DC ; Mamun, AA ; Manafi, A ; Manafi, N ; Manda, AL ; Manguerra, H ; Mansour-Ghanaei, F ; Mansouri, B ; Mansournia, MA ; Herrera, AMM ; Mapoma, CC ; Maravilla, JC ; Marks, A ; Martin, RV ; Martini, S ; Martins-Melo, FR ; Martopullo, I ; Masaka, A ; Masoumi, SZ ; Massano, J ; Massenburg, BB ; Mastrogiacomo, CI ; Mathur, MR ; Matsushita, K ; Maulik, PK ; May, EA ; Mazidi, M ; McAlinden, C ; McGrath, JJ ; Mckee, M ; Medina-Solis, CE ; Meharie, BG ; Mehndiratta, MM ; Nasab, EM ; Mehri, F ; Mehrotra, R ; Mehta, KM ; Meitei, WB ; Mekonnen, T ; Melese, A ; Memiah, PTN ; Memish, ZA ; Mendoza, W ; Menezes, RG ; Mengesha, EW ; Mengesha, MB ; Mensah, GA ; Mereke, A ; Mereta, ST ; Meretoja, A ; Meretoja, TJ ; Mestrovic, T ; Miazgowski, B ; Miazgowski, T ; Michalek, IM ; Mihretie, KM ; Miller, TR ; Mills, EJ ; Milne, GJ ; Mini, GK ; Miri, M ; Mirica, A ; Mirrakhimov, EM ; Mirzaei, H ; Mirzaei, M ; Mirzaei, R ; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M ; Misganaw, AT ; Mitchell, PB ; Mithra, P ; Moazen, B ; Moghadaszadeh, M ; Mohajer, B ; Mohamad, O ; Mohamadi, E ; Mohammad, DK ; Mohammad, Y ; Mezerji, NMG ; Mohammadbeigi, A ; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A ; Mohammadifard, N ; Mohammadpourhodki, R ; Mohammed, AS ; Mohammed, H ; Mohammed, JA ; Mohammed, S ; Mohebi, F ; Bandpei, MAM ; Mokari, A ; Mokdad, AH ; Molokhia, M ; Momen, NC ; Monasta, L ; Mondello, S ; Mooney, MD ; Moosazadeh, M ; Moradi, G ; Moradi, M ; Moradi-Joo, M ; Moradi-Lakeh, M ; Moradzadeh, R ; Moraga, P ; Morales, L ; Morawska, L ; Velasquez, IM ; Morgado-da-Costa, J ; Morrison, SD ; Mosapour, A ; Mosser, JF ; Mouodi, S ; Mousavi, SM ; Khaneghah, AM ; Mueller, UO ; Mukhopadhyay, S ; Mullany, EC ; Mumford, JE ; Munro, SB ; Muriithi, MK ; Musa, KI ; Mustafa, G ; Muthupandian, S ; Nabavizadeh, B ; Nabhan, AF ; Naderi, M ; Nagarajan, AJ ; Nagel, G ; Naghavi, M ; Naghshtabrizi, B ; Naik, G ; Naimzada, MD ; Nair, S ; Najafi, F ; Naldi, L ; Nandakumar, V ; Nandi, AK ; Nangia, V ; Nansseu, JR ; Naserbakht, M ; Nayak, VC ; Nazari, J ; Ndejjo, R ; Ndwandwe, DE ; Negoi, I ; Negoi, RI ; Netsere, HB ; Neupane, S ; Ngari, KN ; Nguefack-Tsague, G ; Ngunjiri, JW ; Nguyen, CT ; Nguyen, DN ; Nguyen, HLT ; Nguyen, J ; Nguyen, M ; Nguyen, M ; Nguyen, TH ; Nichols, E ; Nigatu, D ; Nigatu, YT ; Nikbakhsh, R ; Nikpoor, AR ; Nixon, MR ; Nnaji, CA ; Nomura, S ; Norheim, OF ; Norrving, B ; Noubiap, JJ ; Motlagh, SN ; Nowak, C ; Nsoesie, EO ; Nunez-Samudio, V ; Oancea, B ; Odell, CM ; Ogbo, FA ; Oghenetega, OB ; Oh, I-H ; Okunga, EW ; Oladnabi, M ; Olagunju, AT ; Olusanya, BO ; Olusanya, JO ; Oluwasanu, MM ; Bali, AO ; Omer, MO ; Ong, KL ; Ong, S ; Onwujekwe, OE ; Oren, E ; Orji, AU ; Orpana, HM ; Ortega-Altamirano, DV ; Ortiz, A ; Osarenotor, O ; Osei, FB ; Ostojic, SM ; Ostroff, SM ; Oiu, AO ; Otstavnov, N ; Otstavnov, SS ; Overland, S ; Owolabi, MO ; Section, MPA ; Padubidri, JR ; Pakhale, S ; Pakhare, AP ; Pakshir, K ; Palladino, R ; Pana, A ; Panda-Jonas, S ; Pandey, A ; Pangaribuan, HU ; Park, E-K ; Park, J ; Parmar, PGK ; Parry, CDH ; Pasovic, M ; Pasupula, DK ; Patel, JR ; Patel, SK ; Paternina-Caicedo, AJ ; Pathak, A ; Pathak, M ; Patten, SB ; Patton, GC ; Paudel, D ; Paudel, S ; Paulson, KR ; Toroudi, HP ; Pease, SA ; Peden, AE ; Pennini, A ; Pepito, VCF ; Peprah, EK ; Pereira, A ; Pereira, DM ; Pereira, J ; Perico, N ; Pescarini, JM ; Pesudovs, K ; Pham, HQ ; Phillips, MR ; Piccinelli, C ; Pierce, M ; Pigott, DM ; Pilgrim, T ; Pilz, TM ; Pinheiro, M ; Piradov, MA ; Pirsaheb, M ; Pishgar, F ; Plana-Ripoll, O ; Plass, D ; Pletcher, M ; Pokhrel, KN ; Polibin, RV ; Polinder, S ; Polkinghorne, KR ; Pond, CD ; Postma, MJ ; Pottoo, FH ; Pourjafar, H ; Pourmalek, F ; Kalhori, RP ; Pourshams, A ; Poznanska, A ; Prada, SI ; Prakash, S ; Prakash, V ; Prasad, N ; Preotescu, L ; Pribadi, DRA ; Pupillo, E ; Quazi Syed, Z ; Rabiee, M ; Rabiee, N ; Radfar, A ; Rafiee, A ; Rafiei, A ; Raggi, A ; Rahim, F ; Rahimi-Movaghar, A ; Rahman, MHU ; Rahman, MA ; Rajabpour-Sanati, A ; Rajati, F ; Rakovac, I ; Ram, P ; Ramezanzadeh, K ; Rana, SM ; Ranabhat, CL ; Ranta, A ; 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Salomon, JA ; Salz, I ; Samad, Z ; Kafil, HS ; Sambala, EZ ; Samy, AM ; Sanabria, J ; Sanchez-Pimienta, TG ; Santomauro, DF ; Santos, IS ; Santos, JV ; Santric-Milicevic, MM ; Saraswathy, SYI ; Sarmiento-Suarez, R ; Sarrafzadegan, N ; Sartorius, B ; Sarveazad, A ; Sathian, B ; Sathish, T ; Sattin, D ; Savic, M ; Sawyer, SM ; Saxena, D ; Saxena, S ; Saylan, M ; Sbarra, AN ; Schaeffer, LE ; Schiavolin, S ; Schlaich, MP ; Schmidt, MI ; Schutte, AE ; Schwebel, DC ; Schwendicke, F ; Seedat, S ; Sekerija, M ; Senbeta, AM ; Senthilkumaran, S ; Sepanlou, SG ; Serdar, B ; Serre, ML ; Servan-Mori, E ; Sha, F ; Shabani, M ; Shackelford, KA ; Shadid, J ; Shafaat, O ; Shahabi, S ; Shahbaz, M ; Shaheen, AA ; Shaikh, MA ; Shalash, AS ; Shams-Beyranvand, M ; Shamsi, M ; Shamsizadeh, M ; Shannawaz, M ; Sharafi, K ; Sharafi, Z ; Sharara, F ; Sharifi, H ; Sharma, R ; Shaw, DH ; Sheena, BS ; Sheikh, A ; Sheikhtaheri, A ; Shetty, BSK ; Shetty, RS ; Shibuya, K ; Shield, KD ; Shiferaw, WS ; Shigematsu, M ; Il Shin, J ; Shin, M-J ; Shiri, R ; Shirkoohi, R ; Shivakumar, KM ; Shrime, MG ; Shuval, K ; Siabani, S ; Sierpinski, R ; Sigfusdottir, ID ; Sigurvinsdottir, R ; Silva, DAS ; Silva, JP ; Simonetti, B ; Simpson, KE ; Singh, A ; Singh, JA ; Singh, P ; Sinha, DN ; Skiadaresi, E ; Skou, ST ; Skryabin, VY ; Sliwa, K ; Smith, A ; Smith, EUR ; Sobngwi, E ; Soheili, A ; Sokhan, A ; Soltani, S ; Somefun, OD ; Soofi, M ; Sorensen, RJD ; Soriano, JB ; Sorrie, MB ; Soshnikov, S ; Soyiri, IN ; Spencer, CN ; Spotin, A ; Spurlock, EE ; Sreeramareddy, CT ; Srinivasan, V ; Sripada, K ; Stanaway, JD ; Stark, BA ; Steel, N ; Stefan, SC ; Stein, C ; Stein, DJ ; Steiner, C ; Steiner, TJ ; Steuben, KM ; Stockfelt, L ; Stokes, MA ; Stovner, LJ ; Straif, K ; Stranges, S ; Stubbs, JL ; Suchdev, PS ; Sudaryanto, A ; Sufiyan, MB ; Suleria, HAR ; Abdulkader, RS ; Sulo, G ; Sultan, I ; Swope, CB ; Sykes, BL ; Sylte, DO ; Szocska, M ; Szumowski, L ; Tabares-Seisdedos, R ; Tabb, KM ; Tabuchi, T ; Tadakamadla, SK ; Taddele, BW ; Tadesse, DB ; Taherkhani, A ; Tahir, Z ; Tajdini, M ; Takahashi, K ; Takala, JS ; Tamiru, AT ; Tang, M ; Tanser, FC ; Tareque, MI ; Tarigan, IU ; Taveira, N ; Taylor, HJ ; Teagle, WL ; Teame, H ; Tediosi, F ; Tefera, YG ; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A ; Teklehaimanot, BF ; Tela, FG ; Temsah, M-H ; Terrason, S ; Tesema, GA ; Tessema, ZT ; Thakur, B ; Thankappan, KR ; Thapar, R ; Thomas, N ; Thomson, AM ; Thrift, AG ; Thurston, GD ; Titova, MV ; Tlou, B ; Tohidinik, HR ; Tonelli, M ; Topor-Madry, R ; Topouzis, F ; Torre, AE ; Touvier, M ; Tovani-Palone, MR ; Traini, E ; Tran, BX ; Travillian, R ; Trias-Llimos, S ; Troeger, CE ; Truelsen, TC ; Tsai, AC ; Tsatsakis, A ; Car, LT ; Tyrovolas, S ; Uddin, R ; Ullah, I ; Ullah, S ; Umeokonkwo, CD ; Undurraga, EA ; Unnikrishnan, B ; Upadhyay, E ; Uthman, OA ; Vacante, M ; Vaicekonyte, R ; Vakilian, A ; Valdez, PR ; Valli, A ; Van Donkelaar, A ; Vardavas, C ; Varughese, S ; Vasankari, TJ ; Vasconcelos, AMN ; Vasseghian, Y ; Veisani, Y ; Venketasubramanian, N ; Vidale, S ; Violante, FS ; Vlassov, V ; Vollset, SE ; Vongpradith, A ; Vos, T ; Vu, GT ; Vujcic, IS ; Vukovic, A ; Vukovic, R ; Hawariat, FGW ; Waheed, Y ; Wallin, MT ; Walters, MK ; Wamai, RG ; Wang, F ; Wang, H ; Wang, H ; Wang, J ; Wang, Y ; Wang, Y ; Wang, Y-P ; Ward, JL ; Watson, A ; Watson, S ; Wei, J ; Wei, MYW ; Weintraub, RG ; Weiss, DJ ; Weiss, J ; Welay, FT ; Weldesamuel, GT ; Werdecker, A ; West, JJ ; Westerman, R ; Whisnant, JL ; Whiteford, HA ; Wiangkham, T ; Wickramasinghe, ND ; Wiens, KE ; Wijeratne, T ; Wilner, LB ; Wilson, S ; Wiysonge, CS ; Wojtyniak, B ; Woldu, G ; Wolfe, CDA ; Wondmeneh, TG ; Wondmieneh, AB ; Wool, EE ; Wozniak, SS ; Wu, A-M ; Wu, C ; Wu, J ; Hanson, SW ; Wunrow, HY ; Xie, Y ; Xu, G ; Xu, R ; Yadgir, S ; Jabbari, SHY ; Yamada, T ; Yamagishi, K ; Yaminfirooz, M ; Yano, Y ; Yaya, S ; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V ; Yearwood, JA ; Yeheyis, TY ; Yeshitila, YG ; Yilgwan, CS ; Yilma, MT ; Yip, P ; Yonemoto, N ; Yoon, S-J ; Lebni, JY ; York, HW ; Younis, MZ ; Younker, TP ; Yousefi, B ; Yousefi, Z ; Yousefifard, M ; Yousefinezhadi, T ; Yousuf, AY ; Yu, C ; Yu, Y ; Yuan, C-W ; Yuce, D ; Yusefzadeh, H ; Zadey, S ; Moghadam, TZ ; Zaidi, SS ; Zaki, L ; Zakzuk, J ; Bin Zaman, S ; Zamani, M ; Zamanian, M ; Zandian, H ; Zangeneh, A ; Zarafshan, H ; Zastrozhin, MS ; Zewdie, KA ; Zhang, J ; Zhang, Y ; Zhang, Z-J ; Zhao, JT ; Zhao, X-JG ; Zhao, Y ; Zheleva, B ; Zheng, P ; Zhou, M ; Zhu, C ; Ziapour, A ; Zimsen, SRM ; Zlavog, BS ; Zodpey, S ; Lim, SS ; Murray, CJL (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2020-10-17)
    The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.
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    Evaluation of gamma irradiation and moringa leaf powder on quality characteristics of meat balls under different packaging materials
    Nisar, MF ; Arshad, MS ; Yasin, M ; Khan, MK ; Afzaal, M ; Sattar, S ; Suleria, HAR (WILEY, 2020-10)
    This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irradiation doses (0, 1.5, and 3 kGy) on the physicochemical and microbial qualities of meat balls with or without moringa leaf powder (MLP) and 14 days under refrigerated storage. The results indicated that irradiation and storage caused significant changes on physicochemical attributes of meatballs and the decreasing trend in stability was observed in meatballs stored under aerobic packaging. Highest pH and TVBN were observed in samples treated with 3 kGy at day 14 in aerobic packaging without MLP. The addition of MLP and higher doses of irradiation reduced the total aerobic bacteria and coliforms counts. Different treatments did not affect the sensory quality of chicken samples. Hence, it was concluded that irradiation dose at 1.5 kGy with the addition of MLP and vacuum packaging may enhanced the safety, quality as well as stability of chicken meat during storage intervals. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The health benefits of meat and its products make them popular among the consumers. Hence, this study indicates the significance of irradiation (at low dose) in preserving the meat for long time without causing immense deteriorative changes in its quality. Moreover, the addition of moringa leaf powder (MLP) (a natural antioxidant) and type of packaging (vacuum packaging) plays a vital role in maintaining the shelf life and stabilizing the safety of meat without causing major changes in its physicochemical, functional, and sensory characteristics.
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    LC-ESI-QTOF/MS characterization of bioactive compounds from black spices and their potential antioxidant activities
    Feng, Y ; Dunshea, FR ; Suleria, HAR (Springer Verlag, 2020-05-08)
    Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) are considered as important spices, seasoning and folk medicines. They have a diverse range of bioactive compounds, especially for polyphenolic compounds. These polyphenolic compounds contribute to the putative health benefits of these black spices. The purpose of this study was to identify, characterize and quantify the phenolic profile of these black spices using LC-ESI-QTOF/MS and HPLC–PDA and to access their antioxidant potential. The LC-ESI-QTOF/MS analysis led to the identification of 138 phenolic compounds in three black spices. In HPLC–PDA, the p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the most predominant phenolic acid in black pepper and black cumin while diosmin was the most abundant flavonoid in black cardamom (> 20 mg/g). Furthermore, black spices were systematically measured for their TPC, TFC and TTC followed by measurement of their antioxidant activities using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays. Black pepper showed the highest TPC, TFC, TTC, DPPH and ABTS activities as compared to other black spices while black cardamom exhibited the highest FRAP activity. The obtained results highlight the importance of these black spices as promising sources of phenolic compounds and they could be potentially utilized in food, feed and nutraceutical industries.
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    High-performance thin -layer chromatography fingerprinting, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and anti -platelet -aggregation activities of Prosopis farcta extracts
    Kobarfard, F ; Ayatollahi, SA ; Khosravi-Dehaghi, N ; Faizi, M ; Amidi, S ; Martorell, M ; Choudhary, MI ; Suleria, HAR ; Sharifi-Rad, J (C M B ASSOC, 2020)
    Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of worldwide death and excessive platelet is closely related with their pathogenesis. Different plants and natural compounds have demonstrated anti-platelet effects. The aim of this study was to report the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting and anti-platelet-aggregation activities of different leaf extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous) of Prosopis farcta (Syrian mesquite) plant. The results showed a 100% inhibition of aggregation activity after plasmatic adenosine diphosphate (ADP) aggregation activation of ethyl acetate, ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts, at 60 mg/mL concentration. The IC50 ADP value of these extracts ranged between 4.07 and 11.39 mg/mL. Moreover, these extracts reported the highest amounts of phenolic and flavonoid contents. In conclusion, phytochemicals present in P. farcta leaves have anti-platelet-aggregation activities. Future studies are needed to identify the compounds with anti-platelet potential present in P. farcta.
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    Soy protein is an efficacious alternative to whey protein in sorghum-soy fortified blended foods in rats
    Ward, EJ ; Suleria, HAR ; Joseph, M ; Chambers, E ; Alavi, S ; Lindshield, BL (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020-08-01)
    Background: Previously we found that extruded corn-soy blend (CSB) and sorghum-soy blend (SSB) fortified blended foods (FBFs) containing whey protein concentrate (WPC) were equally nutritious food aid products. WPC provides high-quality protein; however, it is the most expensive ingredient in these FBFs. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine if soy protein can serve as an alternative to WPC and the secondary objective was to evaluate different sucrose amounts in the FBFs. Methods: Nine extruded FBFs were formulated: 1 CSB and 1 SSB, both containing 9.5% WPC and 15% sucrose, served as comparison FBFs. Three additional CSB and 4 SSB FBFs were formulated containing no WPC, but with increased soy flour to meet protein requirements and varying sucrose concentrations. The sucrose content ranged from 0% to 10% for the CSBs and 0% to 15% for the SSBs. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats were individually housed and divided into 10 diet groups (n = 9-10) which consumed either AIN-93G or a dry FBF for 28 d. At study conclusion, blood, livers, and body composition data were collected. Results were analyzed using 1-factor ANOVA with Tukey's test. Results: Outcomes were not significantly different between the SSB groups, with the exception of significantly higher protein efficiency for the WPC-containing group. Among the CSB groups, caloric and protein efficiencies were significantly higher for the WPC-containing CSB group. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin or hepatic iron concentrations between FBF groups, but hepatic iron concentrations were significantly higher in all FBF groups than in the AIN-93G group. Groups consuming diets with ≤10% sucrose had significantly higher bone mineral density than groups consuming diets with 15% sucrose. Conclusions: These results suggest that extruded SSB, but not necessarily CSB, FBFs with soy protein and 5%-10% added sucrose are efficacious and cost-effective alternatives to WPC-containing FBFs.
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    Bioassessment of flaxseed powder and extract against hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia using Sprague Dawley rats
    Afzal, U ; Butt, MS ; Ashfaq, F ; Bilal, A ; Suleria, HAR (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-01-14)
    Background: Flaxseed has emerged as a potential source of bioactive components that can be utilized in routine diet to address lifestyle disorders. Methods: In this context, three studies were carried out on the basis of induction therapies i.e. Study I (Normal diet), Study II (Hyperglycemic diet; 40% sucrose) and Study III (Hypercholesterolemic diet; 1.5% cholesterol) using Sprague Dawley rats. Each study was further split into three groups based on diets; Control (free from flaxseed powder or extract), Functional diet (incorporation of flaxseed powder; 10%) and Nutraceutical diet (inclusion of ethanolic extract of flaxseed; 5%). During experimental period, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic parameters were evaluated alongside, alterations in hematological aspects were also assessed. Results: Feed intake and body weight demonstrated significant response (p < 0.05) of diets and study intervals however, water intake was substantially influenced by study intervals. In study II (hyperglycemic rats), maximum decline in glucose level was recorded (9.02%) in rats administered with extract based diet. In the same group, maximum increase in insulin (5.90%) was noted. Regarding lipid profile, the bioevaluation trials revealed maximum reduction in serum cholesterol (13.10%) in study III (hypercholesterolemic rats) on the provision of flaxseed extract (nutraceutical diet) followed by flaxseed powder (functional diet) i.e. 7.85%. Further, maximum decrease in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) was reported i.e. 14.28% on supplementation of flaxseed extract to hypercholesterolemic rats. Conclusions: Thus, flaxseed extract based intervention has shown higher bioefficacy to address hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in comparison to flaxseed powder.
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    A Dietary Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenol Mix Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens
    Shakeri, M ; Cottrell, JJ ; Wilkinson, S ; Le, HH ; Suleria, HAR ; Warner, RD ; Dunshea, FR (MDPI, 2020-07)
    Heat stress (HS) compromises growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens by interrupting lipid and protein metabolism, resulting in increased oxidative damages. The experiment attempted to investigate whether dietary polyphenols (Polygain (POL)) could ameliorate the aforementioned adverse effects of HS on performance and meat quality. One hundred and twenty one day-old-male chicks were allocated to two temperature conditions, thermoneutral (TN) or HS, and fed with either a control diet (CON) or the CON plus four different doses of POL (2, 4, 6 and 10 g/kg). Heat stress caused respiratory alkalosis as evidenced by increased rectal temperature (p < 0.001) and respiration rate (p < 0.001) due to increased blood pH (p < 0.001). Heat stress decreased final body weight (p = 0.061) and breast muscle water content (p = 0.013) while POL improved both (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). Heat stress amplified muscle damages, indicated by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p < 0.001) and reduced myofibril fragmentation index (p = 0.006) whereas POL improved both (p = 0.037 and p = 0.092, respectively). Heat stress impaired meat tenderness (p < 0.001) while POL improved it (p = 0.003). In conclusion, HS impaired growth performance and meat quality whereas POL ameliorated these responses in a dose-dependent manner, and effects of POL were evident under both temperature conditions.
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    Dietary Betaine Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens
    Shakeri, M ; Cottrell, JJ ; Wilkinson, S ; Le, HH ; Suleria, HAR ; Warner, RD ; Dunshea, FR (MDPI, 2020-05-01)
    Heat stress (HS) impairs growth performance and has a severe impact on lipid and protein metabolism, leading to serious adverse effects on meat quality. Forty-eight day-old-male Ross-308 chicks were assigned to two temperature conditions, thermoneutral or cyclical HS, and fed with either a control diet (CON) or the CON plus betaine (BET). Heat stress increased rectal temperature (p < 0.001), respiration rate (p < 0.001) and increased blood pH (p = 0.017), indicating that HS caused respiratory alkalosis. Heat stress reduced body weight during the final stage of growing period (p = 0.005), while BET improved it (p = 0.023). Heat stress tended to reduce breast muscle water content and drip loss (p = 0.089 and p = 0.082), while both were improved with BET (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001). Heat stress tended to reduce the myofibril fragmentation index (p = 0.081) whereas it increased with BET (p = 0.017). Heat stress increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p = 0.017), while BET improved it (p = 0.008). Meat tenderness was not affected by HS, but was improved with BET (p < 0.001). In conclusion, BET improved growth performance over the latter stages of the growing period, and improved product quality of broiler chickens when chickens exposed to HS.