Business Administration - Research Publications

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    Clustering Huge Number of Financial Time Series: A Panel Data Approach With High-Dimensional Predictors and Factor Structures
    Ando, T ; Bai, J (AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC, 2017)
    This article introduces a new procedure for clustering a large number of financial time series based on high-dimensional panel data with grouped factor structures. The proposed method attempts to capture the level of similarity of each of the time series based on sensitivity to observable factors as well as to the unobservable factor structure. The proposed method allows for correlations between observable and unobservable factors and also allows for cross-sectional and serial dependence and heteroscedasticities in the error structure, which are common in financial markets. In addition, theoretical properties are established for the procedure. We apply the method to analyze the returns for over 6000 international stocks from over 100 financial markets. The empirical analysis quantifies the extent to which the U.S. subprime crisis spilled over to the global financial markets. Furthermore, we find that nominal classifications based on either listed market, industry, country or region are insufficient to characterize the heterogeneity of the global financial markets. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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    A spatial panel quantile model with unobserved heterogeneity
    Ando, T ; Li, K ; Lu, L (Elsevier BV, 2021-10)
    This paper introduces a spatial panel quantile model with unobserved heterogeneity. The proposed model is capable of capturing high-dimensional cross-sectional dependence and allows heterogeneous regression coefficients. For estimating model parameters, a new estimation procedure is proposed. When both the time and cross-sectional dimensions of the panel go to infinity, the uniform consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimated parameters are established. In order to determine the dimension of the interactive fixed effects, we propose a new information criterion. It is shown that the criterion asymptotically selects the true dimension. Monte Carlo simulations document the satisfactory performance of the proposed method. Finally, the method is applied to study the quantile co-movement structure of the U.S. stock market by taking into account the input–output linkages as firms are connected through the input–output production network.
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    Selecting the regularization parameters in high-dimensional panel data models: Consistency and efficiency
    Ando, T ; Bai, J (Taylor & Francis, 2018-01-01)
    This article considers panel data models in the presence of a large number of potential predictors and unobservable common factors. The model is estimated by the regularization method together with the principal components procedure. We propose a panel information criterion for selecting the regularization parameter and the number of common factors under a diverging number of predictors. Under the correct model specification, we show that the proposed criterion consistently identifies the true model. If the model is instead misspecified, the proposed criterion achieves asymptotically efficient model selection. Simulation results confirm these theoretical arguments.
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    Panel Data Models with Grouped Factor Structure Under Unknown Group Membership
    Ando, T ; Bai, J (WILEY, 2016-01-01)
    This paper studies panel data models with unobserved group factor structures. The group membership of each unit and the number of groups are left unspecified. We estimate the model by minimizing the sum of least squared errors with a shrinkage penalty. The number of explanatory variables can be large. The regressions coefficients can be homogeneous or group specific. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established. We also introduce new C -type criteria for selecting the number of groups, the numbers of group-specific common factors and relevant regressors. Monte Carlo results show that the proposed method works well. We apply the method to the study of US mutual fund returns and to the study of individual stock returns of the China mainland stock markets. p
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    Bayesian and maximum likelihood analysis of large-scale panel choice models with unobserved heterogeneity
    Ando, T ; Bai, J ; Li, K (ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2022-09)
    This paper considers the estimation and inference procedures for the case of a logistic panel regression model with interactive fixed effects, where multiple individual effects are allowed and the model is capable of capturing high-dimensional cross-section dependence. The proposed model also allows for heterogeneous regression coefficients. New Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches are introduced to estimate the model parameters. We investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the estimated parameters. We show the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated regression coefficients and the estimated interactive fixed effects when both the cross-section and time-series dimensions of the panel go to infinity. We prove that the dimensionality of the interactive effects can be consistently estimated by the proposed information criterion. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method. Finally, the method is applied to study the performance of New York City medallion drivers in terms of efficiency.
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    Quantile Connectedness: Modeling Tail Behavior in the Topology of Financial Networks
    Ando, T ; Greenwood-Nimmo, M ; Shin, Y (INFORMS, 2022-04)
    We develop a new technique to estimate vector autoregressions with a common factor error structure by quantile regression. We apply our technique to study credit risk spillovers among a group of 17 sovereigns and their respective financial sectors between January 2006 and December 2017. We show that idiosyncratic credit risk shocks propagate much more strongly in both tails than at the conditional mean or median. Furthermore, we develop a measure of the relative spillover intensity in the right and left tails of the conditional distribution that provides a timely aggregate measure of systemic financial fragility and that can be used for risk management and monitoring purposes. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
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    Quantile Co-Movement in Financial Markets: A Panel Quantile Model With Unobserved Heterogeneity
    Ando, T ; Bai, J (Taylor & Francis, 2020)
    This article introduces a new procedure for analyzing the quantile co-movement of a large number of financial time series based on a large-scale panel data model with factor structures. The proposed method attempts to capture the unobservable heterogeneity of each of the financial time series based on sensitivity to explanatory variables and to the unobservable factor structure. In our model, the dimension of the common factor structure varies across quantiles, and the explanatory variables is allowed to depend on the factor structure. The proposed method allows for both cross-sectional and serial dependence, and heteroscedasticity, which are common in financial markets. We propose new estimation procedures for both frequentist and Bayesian frameworks. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are established. We also propose a new model selection criterion for determining the number of common factors together with theoretical support. We apply the method to analyze the returns for over 6000 international stocks from over 60 countries during the subprime crisis, European sovereign debt crisis, and subsequent period. The empirical analysis indicates that the common factor structure varies across quantiles. We find that the common factors for the quantiles and the common factors for the mean are different. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.