School of Culture and Communication - Theses
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ItemEugene von Guerard and the science of landscape painting( 2007)Eugene von Guerard (1811-1901) is regarded as one of Australia's most important nineteenth century landscape painters. He was forty one when he arrived in Australia in 1852. His training, his contact with artists in Rome, Naples and Dusseldorf and his engagement with contemporary scientific thought in Europe shaped his response to the Australian landscape. In this thesis von Guerard's origins in Vienna and the role played by his artist-father in his early art practice are explored. The reconstruction of von Guerard's early life in Europe is based on the artist's sketchbooks and unpublished oil sketches. His training under Bassi in Rome (1830-32), his immersion in the German community of artists there, the significance of the Nazarene painters and the influence of Joseph Anton Koch for his career are examined. In Naples, where von Guerard lived and worked for six years, he painted with Pitloo and the School of Posillipo, he was introduced to Hackert's work and ideas and he undertook an extensive Sicilian expedition recorded in the sketchbooks of both father and son. In Naples von Guerard's interest in volcanic geology was ignited. Following the death of his father in 1836 von Guerard arrived in Dusseldorf 1838 where he studied landscape painting under Schirmer and Lessing, participating in their open air painting expeditions to the Neander Valley and the Eifel. He made studies volcanic phenomena in the Eifel, an important site for the emerging science of geognosy. In Dusseldorf he was exposed to the ideas of Humboldt and Carus, took sketching expeditions along the Rhine, met his future wife Louise Arnz and was a founding member of the Kunstlerverein Malkasten. An examination of the landscape paintings and lithographs that he produced during the almost thirty years he spent in Australia (1852-1882) indicates that Humboldt's ideas were the enduring imperative for von Guerard's journey to Australia. In a series of case studies von Guerard's career as a Humboldtian Reisekunstler is explored. Von Guerard's scientific interests were nurtured in mid-century Melbourne by the community of eminent German scientists resident there. His expedition to Kosciuszko with the eminent geophysicist, Georg von Neumayer, epitomized Carus's ideal of the complementary relationship between art and science. His interpretation of the volcanic Western District, prior to government geological surveys, was informed by his studies of parallel phenomena in Germany's Eifel region. In Victoria's fern gullies and the sub tropical rain forest of New South Wales von Guerard portrayed plant species from Humboldt's sixteen Urpflanzen in their natural groupings and environmental context. His album, Eugene von Guerard's Australian Landscapes, was recognized by the geologist of Novara expedition fame, Ferdinand von Hochstetter in Vienna in 1870 for its geological and botanical content. Carus and Humboldt looked for a poetic response to nature, one that would communicate a sense of the inner life of the subject and this von Guerard achieved through the sensitivity of his touch, the honesty of his response to nature and the compositional geometry of his works, works that brought Humboldt's vision of unity and interconnectedness to the Australian landscape.
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ItemChamber music audiences: access, participation and pleasure at Melbourne concerts( 2003)This thesis examines the social role of chamber music. It argues that in contemporary Australian society the chamber music audience is largely unobserved and under-theorised, and redresses this with a study of Melbourne concert audiences. An analysis of the chamber music 'scene(s)' in Melbourne finds that audience-ship is a socially constructed practice accessed through a particular habitus that facilitates participation and pleasure at concerts. In this way access and participation is acquired through social vehicles that exist outside the concert hall. The thesis also finds that chamber music is not simply one unified cultural form, but a diverse set of music genres and cross-fertilised forms with some striking differences in the audiences of ‘new music' concerts compared with other forms of chamber music. Through an analysis of survey data and self-narrated audience biographies the thesis demonstrates that, for those with the necessary habitus, chamber music constitutes an important source of cultural capital: it is a worthwhile object of desire, an indispensable and irreplaceable means of pleasure and happiness and plays a worthwhile role in the public and private lives of individuals. The habitus that facilitates an appreciation for chamber music is not available to everyone and in an era of confused egalitarianism this finding challenges the claim that access to the arts and high culture has been democratised. Particular cultural precursors arc necessary in order to derive access, participation and pleasure in high cultural events such as chamber music concerts. In this way access, participation and pleasure of chamber music remain off limits to most Australians.
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ItemThe show must go on: organizational responses to traumatic employee fatalities within multiple employer worksites( 1995)This thesis analysed the way organizations working within multiple employer worksites, that is sites characterized by contracting and subcontracting arrangements, respond to the death of a worker. Data on responses was used to explore recent debates in regulatory theory. The introductory chapters traces shifts in the regulatory debate between "deterrence" based punitive methods of securing corporate compliance, towards more recent discussions which look to a regulatory mix of punish and persuade to gain optimal corporate behaviour. Of particular interest is Braithwaite's (1993) conception of regulation as concerned primarily with "nurturing virtue", ie using responsive regulatory techniques to encourage compliance. Braithwaite's concept of organizational virtue was fleshed out using research and theorizing in related areas; namely the work of organizational symbolists to explore corporate virtue as a cultural concept, and social theory, in particular the work of Marx and Weber to understand the relationship between structure, culture and virtuous behaviour, noting in particular the theorized structural relationships between small and large business. The data gathered for this study was used primarily to analyse the prospects for nurturing virtue, taking account of possible structural and cultural imperatives which may lie behind virtuous behaviour. Data was gathered through the records of the Victorian State Coroner on all deaths at work that occurred within multiple employer worksites in 1987. It was considered that multiple employer worksites characterized best the contemporary economic climate which has seen extensive shifts towards greater use of "contracting out" and downsizing in order to make production more cost effective. Responses to the deaths were ascertained by initial exploration of Coroner's records followed by in depth interviewing with each of the organizations involved. Analysis of the responses allowed operationalization of the concept of organizational virtue. Responses by organizations which contributed to the death, fell into two major categories: either "virtuous", where extensive changes were made to prevent repetition of the death; or "blinkered" (ie lacking in virtue) organizations which made minimal changes, or whose changes simply involved reducing legal liability, such as changing company name. Various factors associated with the responses were analysed. These were: Managers' rationalizations about responsibility for the death; organizational culture; the structural environment of the organization, namely its size and position in the contracting hierarchy; the influence of the law on response; and finally the affect of increasing competitiveness and increased regulatory expectations in the area of health and safety. How the organization perceived their responsibility for making safety improvements after the death, and the actual response to the event could be best understood by looking at the size of the organization, and the cultural orientation to success the organization had. This suggests that in order for "nurturing virtue" to be successful, the culture of the organization and the structural environment within which it is situated must first be understood. Further, in terms of the affect of law on virtue, a wide range of laws need to be considered, beyond that specifically concerned with regulations, in this case the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1985 (Vic). Compensation Law, and the common law each have a role to play. Like other influences however, the impact of law on response was mediated by the size and culture of the organization. The thesis expands on the need to take account of structure and culture as central to the purpose of regulation. It does this, drawing on the work of Shearing (1993), Grabosky (1994a and b) and Gunningham (1993) among others, and links these theorists to a comprehensive model of regulation which builds on parameters laid down by both Marx and Weber.