Medical Biology - Research Publications

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Type: Journal Article × Author: Cowman, Alan × Author: Biggs, Beverley-Ann × Start date: 2000 × End date: 2009 ×

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    Assessment of susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin in southern Viet Nam
    Thanh, NV ; Cowman, AF ; Hipgrave, D ; Kim, TB ; Phuc, BQ ; Cong, LD ; Biggs, BA (ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE, 2001)
    Resistance to antimalarial chemotherapy is a major concern for malaria control in Viet Nam. In this study undertaken in 1998, 65 patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were monitored for 28 days after completion of a 5-day treatment course with artemisinin. Overall 36.9% (24/65) of patients had recurrent parasitaemia during the surveillance period. P. falciparum isolates were tested for sensitivity in vitro to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and results were compared to those from a similar study in 1995. Increased parasite sensitivity to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, chloroquine and quinine was demonstrated, with significantly lower mean EC50 and EC99 values in 1998 compared to 1995. Parasite sensitivity to mefloquine did not differ significantly in the 2 surveys. Isolates were also tested for sensitivity in vitro to artemisinin in the 1998 survey. The mean EC50 was 0.03 mumol/L and the EC99 was 0.94 mumol/L. Parasite sensitivity to artemisinin will need to be monitored in view of its increasing use in Viet Nam.
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    Prevalence of polymorphisms in DHFR, DHPS, PFMDR1 and PFCRT genes of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Quang Tri Province, Vietnam
    Phuc, BQ ; Caruana, SR ; Cowman, AF ; Biggs, B-A ; Thanh, NV ; Tien, NT ; Thuan, LK (SEAMEO TROPMED Network, 2008-11)
    In 2002 an antimalarial drug resistance survey was carried out in a seasonally endemic area of Vietnam. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (S/P) was the standard treatment recommended for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in that area at the time. Early or late treatment failure as defined by WHO was observed in 14.9% (7/47) of patients. Molecular analysis of treatment failure isolates identified that 5/6 carried two or more dhfr and dhps polymorphisms associated with S/P resistance. Chloroquine resistance-associated polymorphisms occurred in 38.5% (15/39) of the isolates. These results support the move to artemisinin-based combination therapy for malaria in Vietnam.