School of Geography - Theses
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ItemEnabling adaptation in theory and practice: Place-based perspectives from atoll states( 2022)Barriers to adaptation are a well-established concept in climate change research, however, research into ‘enablers’ or the conditions and factors that facilitate the process of adjusting in response to climate change is emerging. This thesis aims to understand how adaptation enablers are framed within adaptation research, selected atoll literature, and by practitioners undertaking adaptation in atoll states. Atoll states are places that are significantly affected by climate change and where adaptation is urgent. This thesis combines a targeted literature review and academic reflections on adaptation enablers with narrative-based interviews to bring together unplaced theory with grounded perspectives. It finds that there is little consensus of typologies of enablers in adaptation literature, with adaptation researchers reflecting they are broad and highlight a lack of engagement with practiced and placed adaptation. A review of atoll literature demonstrates further specificity for enabling adaptation in place, however, suggested enablers are not informed by practitioner perspectives. Finally, narrative-based interviews reveal enablers that are explained as part of a dynamic process. The results of this thesis show that while there are similarities in the definitions, typologies, and explanations of enablers across all three research questions, there are differences between the way enablers are characterised in the global adaptation literature and way they manifest in place and in practice, making the case for place-based understandings of enablers. This also suggests that more research is needed into how exclusive placed-based enablers are to atoll states.
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ItemA northward shift of the Southern Westerlies during the Antarctic cold reversal: evidence from Tasmania, Australia( 2018)The Southern Hemisphere Westerlies are one of the most important components of the Earth’s climate system: they are the primary driver of Southern Hemisphere climate, they modulate global ocean circulation patterns, and they are a critical natural driver of atmospheric CO2 variation. Despite their clear importance, their dynamics in response to rapid changes in climate boundary conditions are poorly understood. Critical to this lack of understanding is (1) an absence of robust proxy-data from the Australian sector of the Southern Hemisphere, which hampers attempts at predictive modelling, and (2) a lack of consensus within the palaeoclimate literature as to how the Southern Westerlies have responded to past periods of rapid climate change. A case in point is the behaviour of the Southern Westerlies during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; 14,000 – 13,700 years ago), a millennial-scale climate event that punctuated the termination of the Last Ice Age in the Southern Hemisphere. A thorough understanding of how this critical climate component changed during the ACR is hampered by the only available proxy-dataset from the Australian sector of the Southern Hemisphere, which disagrees with records from other regions, and with the leading conceptual understanding of Southern Westerly dynamics. To address this discord, this thesis sought to reconstruct the dynamics of the Southern Westerlies in the Australian sector by developing two robust terrestrial proxy-datasets from Tasmania, Australia, covering the ACR. The results from this thesis demonstrate that the Southern Westerlies responded to the climatic changes of the ACR as predicted by the leading conceptual understanding of their dynamics, and also revealed that they responded symmetrically across the Southern Hemisphere, coincident with substantial changes in atmospheric CO2 variation. This thesis supports the hypotheses that the Southern Westerlies are the primary determinant of long-term Tasmanian climate variation and are a critical regulator of long-term global atmospheric CO2 variation.