This thesis investigated the dewatering properties of wastewater treatment sludges, and biofouling layers in membrane bioreactors. An experimental and data analysis methodology was developed that unified existing procedures for lab-scale filtration, centrifugation and gravity settling tests. This unified dewaterability characterisation methodology was used to quantitatively compare fifteen wastewater sludge samples. The comparison highlighted a correlation between lower volatile suspended solids and improved filterability. Further modelling of the extreme compressibility of biofouling layers has provided insights into optimisation of water recycling.