School of Languages and Linguistics - Research Publications

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    Designing an App for Pregnancy Care for a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Community
    Smith, W ; Wadley, G ; Daly, JO ; Webb, M ; Hughson, J ; Hajek, J ; Parker, A ; Woodward-Kron, R ; Story, DA (The Association for Computing Machinery, 2017)
    We report a study to design and evaluate an app to support pregnancy information provided to women through an Australian health service. As part of a larger project to provide prenatal resources for culturally and linguistically diverse groups, this study focused on the design and reception of an app with the local Vietnamese community and health professionals of a particular hospital. Our study had three stages: an initial design workshop with the hospital; prototype design and development; prototype-based interviews with health professionals and focus groups with Vietnamese women. We explore how an app of this sort must be designed for a range of different use scenarios, considering its use by consumers with a multiplicity of differing viewpoints about its nature and purpose in relation to pregnancy care.
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    Videoconferencing and the networked provision of language programs in regional and rural schools
    Slaughter, Y ; Smith, W ; Hajek, J (Cambridge Core, 2019-05-01)
    The use of videoconferencing technology to support the delivery of language programs shows great potential in regional and rural settings where a lack of access to specialist teachers limits equitable access to education. In this article, we investigate the establishment of two regional and rural primary school networks in Australia for videoconferenced language learning. Adopting a perspective taken from the discipline of information systems called structuration theory, we examine how the technology they use both changes and is changed by its use in language learning, and how schools and teachers take control of technology and adapt their educational approaches. Case studies were carried out on the two networks using multiple data sources, including interviews and observation of language classes. The findings reveal that even with the same conceptual foundations and aims, divergent models of practice emerge as sustainable adaptations to localised factors. These differences are shaped by, among other things, an interplay between the quality of infrastructure, prior knowledge, and the "material properties" of the technology, including its functions, limits, and deployment in physical space. A closer look at these practices illustrates limitations and possibilities specifically for language education, but also more broadly illustrates how the success of these videoconferencing initiatives are influenced by a nuanced combination of social, educational, and technological factors.
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    Distance education for languages: the role of technology
    Hajek, J ; Slaughter, Y ; O'Brien, A ; Smith, W (Australian Federation of Modern Language Teachers Association (AFMLTA), 2019)
    Although distance models for languages programs have shifted in recent years from a marginalised practice to being regarded as innovative (White, 2017), questions persist about what knowledge schools and teachers need to deliver them successfully. In this article we explore these questions through a study of using videoconferencing to provide access to specialist language teachers in primary schools in regional and remote areas in Australia. To frame the issues, we draw on the ‘technological pedagogical content knowledge’ (TPACK) framework (Koehler & Mishra, 2005; Mishra, 2018) which places emphasis on understanding the relationship between three areas of teachers' knowledge: content, pedagogy, and technology. Based on our case study findings, we argue that a deeper understanding is needed of the relationship between technological and pedagogical knowledge, and that the understanding of technology needs to encompass the role of infrastructure and infrastructural planning (Garrett, 2009) in order to best attend to the specific nature of language learning and teaching.
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    Language programming in rural and regional Victoria: Making space for local viewpoints in policy development
    Slaughter, Y ; Lo Bianco, J ; Aliani, R ; Cross, R ; Hajek, J (John Benjamins Publishing, 2019-12-10)
    Despite decades of often ambitious policies in Australia, languages education is still characterized by intermittent commitment to the teaching of languages, with inequitable access particularly entrenched in rural and regional contexts. While research has focused on the practical and material constraints impacting on policy implementation, little research has investigated the role of the discursive terrain in shaping expectations and limitations around what seems achievable in schools, particularly, from the school principal perspective. Beginning with an overview of policy interventions and an analysis of contemporary challenges, we use Q methodology to identify and analyze viewpoints at work in similarly-positioned rural and regional schools. In doing so, we seek to determine what seems possible or impossible across settings; the role of principals in enabling and constraining pathways for the provision of school language programs, and the need for macro-level language policy to be informed by constraints specific to rural and regional contexts.
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    Lessons Learned: Teaching European Studies in full Eurovision
    Lewis, A ; Hajek, J ; CARNIEL, JR ; Hay, C (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019)
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    Introductions at international academic conferences: Address and naming in three national varieties of English
    Norrby, C ; SCHUPBACH, D ; Hajek, J ; Kretzenbacher, HL ; Kluge, B ; Moyna, MI (John Benjamins Publishing, 2019)
    This chapter investigates preferred introduction routines in first encounters in the context of international academic conferences where English is used as the conference language. We focus on reported use of first and last names as well as titles in introductions in American, Australian and British English based on a large-scale survey of reported introduction in three scenarios: introduction of self, of others and expected introduction of self by others. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data the results demonstrate that while use of first and last name is the unmarked choice, there is also significant variation among speakers of different national varieties, different scenarios and age groups. The results also show the importance of situational factors, seniority and hierarchy for introductions.
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    Transition from V to T address among restaurant customers and waiters in Italy
    Kretzenbacher, H ; Bresin, A ; Hajek, J ; Kluge, B ; Moyna, MI (John Benjamins Publishing, 2019)
    Drawing on a large-scale study on reported address practices in restaurant encounters in Italy, this chapter examines transition from formal V to informal T singular address pronouns in Italian, focusing on five geographically dispersed regions. Quantitative data suggest that the customer/waiter interaction provides opportunity for frequent V to T transition, with restaurants of a more modest type and those in small towns facilitating such a shift. The region where respondents live also seems to play a role and may be indicative of the effect of local dialects on regional varieties of Italian. Qualitative data indicate that the issue of who initiates the switch is revealing of power dynamics, sometimes involving imposition and resistance. Morphological aspects, such as the complex management of the V form lei, may also be involved.
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    Now you Sie me, now you don’t: the history and remnants of the 3pl V address pronoun calque in Slovak (onikanie) and in Czech (onikání)
    Kretzenbacher, HL ; Hajek, J ; Lagerberg, R ; Bresin, A ; Kluge, B ; Moyna, MI (John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019-11-15)
    Among the neighbouring languages that calqued the third person plural (3pl) address pronoun Sie from German in the 18th century, the closely related languages Czech and Slovak offer contrasting diachronic and synchronic uses of their respective Sie-calques. In Czech, onikání (literally ‘addressing with the 3pl masculine pronoun oni’) was among the German linguistic influences hotly fought against by linguistic purists in the Czech National Revival of the 19th century, and, as a consequence, its use today is restricted to jocular or ironic use only. In Slovakia, the national revival came later, and purist proponents of Slovak as a national language did not just have German as a linguistic adversary, but also Hungarian, and to a certain degree, even Czech. Therefore, there was less pressure for onikanie, the Slovak version of onikání, to be ousted so clearly. As a result, the subsequent history and development of 3pl address differs somewhat in Slovak from Czech, something which is confirmed by the status we can still find today of remnants of Slovak onikanie. The diachronic development of Slovak onikanie shows some differences to that of Czech onikání, due, we argue, to the different social and political histories of both languages and of their respective national states. We conducted a pilot study (including data drawn from online discussions by native speakers) into the extent, varieties, and domains where Slovak onikanie is still used. Results show its present usage to be different from that of its Czech counterpart.
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    La inmigración italiana en Santa Fe: español e italiano en contacto. Motivaciones, metodologías y primeros resultados de un proyecto internacional
    Hajek, J ; Dorato, S (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 2019-01-01)
    La inmigración italiana en Santa Fe y alrededores presenta un fenómeno de contacto e hibridación lingüística entre el español local y el italiano y los dialectos de los inmigrantes. Este campo de estudio hasta la fecha se presenta como una notable área de vacancia. El artículo constituye un avance sobre las motivaciones, metodologías y resultados de una primera etapa de trabajo en el marco de un proyecto internacional entre estudiosos de la Universidad del Litoral y la Universidad de Melbourne, Australia, tendiente a describir y analizar las características y las consecuencias del contacto. English Abstract Italian immigration in and around Santa Fe presents a phenomenon of contact and linguistic hybridization between the local Spanish and the Italian and the Italian dialects of immigrants —a field of study that to date remains open for study. This contribution outlines the motivations, methodologies and results of the first stage of work within the framework of an international project between scholars from the Universidad Nacional del Litoral and the University of Melbourne, Australia, aimed at describing and analyzing the characteristics and consequences of contact.
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    Improving access to and participation in medical research for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse background patients: A bilingual, digital communication approach.
    Hajek, J ; Woodward-Kron, R ; Parker, A ; Bresin, A ; Hughson, J-A ; Dien Phan, T ; Story, D ; Ji, M (Routledge Studies in Empirical Translation and Multilingual Communication, 2019)
    Chapters in this book aim to fill in a persistent knowledge gap in current multicultural health research, that is, culturally effective and user-oriented healthcare translation.