Melbourne Dental School - Research Publications

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    Knowledge, management and perceived barriers to treatment of molar-incisor hypomineralisation in general dental practitioners and dental nurses in Malaysia
    Hussein, AS ; Ghanim, AM ; Abu-Hassan, MI ; Manton, DJ (SPRINGER, 2014-10)
    BACKGROUND: Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a global dental problem, yet little is known about the knowledge of the general dental practitioners (GDPs) and dental nurses (DNs) regarding this defect in South East Asia. AIMS: To assess and compare the knowledge of the GDPs and DNs in Malaysia regarding the frequency of occurrence of MIH within their practice, its diagnosis, putative aetiological factors and management. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to GDPs and DNs during a nationwide dental conference in Melaka, Malaysia and who were asked to answer questions about demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and practices in the management of MIH. STATISTICS: Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed. A 5% level of statistical significance was applied for the analyses. RESULTS: A response rate of 58.2% (131/225) was obtained. Most respondents were aware of MIH and encountered it in their practice (GDPs = 82.5%, DNs = 82.4%). The condition was observed by respondents less in primary molars compared to first permanent molars. Full agreement between GDPs and DNs did not exist concerning the aetiological factors and management of MIH. Glass ionomer cements were the most popular material used in treating MIH. Most respondents (GDPs = 93%, DNs = 76.5%) indicated that they had not received sufficient information about MIH and were willing to have clinical training in the diagnosis and therapeutic modalities of MIH. CONCLUSIONS: MIH is identified and encountered by most respondents. Agreement did not exist between GDPs and DNs concerning MIH frequency of occurrence within their practice, its diagnosis, aetiological factors and management.
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    Anti-caries effect of CPP-ACP in irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
    Sim, CPC ; Wee, J ; Xu, Y ; Cheung, Y-B ; Soong, Y-L ; Manton, DJ (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2015-06)
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on caries progression in irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. METHODS: Twenty-one males and three females (median age, 50 years) were randomized into two groups before radiotherapy. Subjects had at least eight teeth after oral health clearance. The test group used 0.4 % stannous fluoride gel and a crème containing 10 % CPP-ACP daily; the control group used a similar crème without CPP-ACP and otherwise identical care. Subjects applied the crème three times daily and fluoride gel once daily. Caries status, saliva and plaque parameters were measured pre-radiotherapy, at 2 weeks and 3 months post-radiotherapy. RESULTS: Baseline International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores were 0-1126 surfaces (93.9 %), 1-28 surfaces (2.3 %), 2-40 surfaces (3.3 %) and 3-6 surfaces (0.5 %) for the control and 0-1186 surfaces (95.6 %), 1-31 surfaces (2.5 %), 2-15 surfaces (1.2 %) and 3-8 surfaces (0.7 %) for the test group. Twenty-two subjects returned at 3 months post-radiotherapy with reduced plaque pH, salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity. Nine test and 8 control subjects developed 32 and 59 new caries lesions, respectively. Test subjects showed lower caries progression than the controls: all surfaces (OR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.17∼1.59), occlusal (OR 0.20, 95 % CI 0.03∼1.29) and smooth surfaces (OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.16∼2.38). The difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Application of CPP-ACP did not significantly reduce caries progression in NPC patients in the first 3 months after radiotherapy as compared to controls. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Adjunct use of CPP-ACP with stannous fluoride gel in irradiated NPC patients gave comparable results compared to stannous fluoride gel alone in reducing caries progression.
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    A practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel hypomineralisation
    Ghanim, A ; Elfrink, M ; Weerheijm, K ; Marino, R ; Manton, D (SPRINGER, 2015-06)
    With the development of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) judgment criteria, there has been increasing interest worldwide in investigation of the prevalence of demarcated opacities in tooth enamel substance, known as molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). However, the lack of a standardised system for the purpose of recording MIH data in epidemiological surveys has contributed greatly to the wide variations in the reported prevalence between studies. The present publication describes the rationale, development, and content of a scoring method for MIH diagnosis in epidemiological studies as well as clinic- and hospital-based studies. The proposed grading method allows separate classification of demarcated hypomineralisation lesions and other enamel defects identical to MIH. It yields an informative description of the severity of MIH-affected teeth in terms of the stage of visible enamel destruction and the area of tooth surface affected (i.e. lesion clinical status and extent, respectively). In order to preserve the maximum amount of information from a clinical examination consistent with the need to permit direct comparisons between prevalence studies, two forms of the charting are proposed, a short form for simple screening surveys and a long form desirable for prospective, longitudinal observational research where aetiological factors in demarcated lesions are to be investigated in tandem with lesions distribution. Validation of the grading method is required, and its reliability and usefulness need to be tested in different age groups and different populations.
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    Teleconsultation and Telediagnosis for Oral Health Assessment: An Australian Perspective
    Marino, R ; Clarke, K ; Manton, DJ ; Stranieri, A ; Collmann, R ; Kellet, H ; Borda, A ; Kumar, S (SPRINGER, 2015)
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    Teleconsultation/telediagnosis using teledentistry technology: a pilot feasibility study
    Marino, R ; Hopcraft, M ; Tonmukayakul, U ; Manton, D ; Marwaha, P ; Stranieri, A ; Collmann, R ; Clarke, K (IARIA, 2014-12-30)
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    Characterisation of developmentally hypomineralised human enamel
    Crombie, FA ; Manton, DJ ; Palamara, JEA ; Zalizniak, I ; Cochrane, NJ ; Reynolds, EC (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2013-07)
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate and clarify physical and chemical properties of enamel affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). METHODS: A series of in vitro studies were performed on extracted molars affected by MIH and sound teeth for controls. Tooth sections underwent Vickers microhardness testing before lapping and subsequent transverse microradiographic analysis and examination under polarised light microscopy. Carbonate content was determined by CO2 release from acid digestion. Unprepared and fractured surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: MIH-affected molars demonstrated a severe degree of hypomineralisation with an average mineral content of only 58.8%vol% mineral. Vickers microhardness was significantly reduced in MIH compared with controls (1.8±1.1 v 4.4±1.0 GPa, p<0.05) and polarised light microscopy revealed the bulk of MIH lesions had a porosity of ≤5% but also substantial areas of ≥10% and smaller areas exceeding 25% porosity. A surface layer was frequently observed on both intact and broken-down lesions and cervical regions of MIH teeth were typically spared. Carbonate content of MIH enamel was higher than control samples (6.6±2.1 v 4.4±1.1 wt%, p<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed that both the enamel rod and surface ultrastructure were defective. Clinical characteristics did not consistently correlate with all properties. CONCLUSIONS: The properties of MIH-affected enamel significantly differ from those of normal enamel and were highly variable, however some common characteristics were observed. Implications for aetiology and clinical management are discussed.