Medicine (Austin & Northern Health) - Research Publications

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Author: Berkovic, Samuel × Author: Loi, Samantha × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 ×

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    BRINGING THE BENCH TO THE BEDSIDE: UPDATES ON THE MIND STUDY AND WHAT A ROUTINELY AVAILABLE SIMPLE BLOOD TEST FOR NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT WOULD MEAN AT THE CLINICAL COAL FACE FOR PATIENTS AND FAMILIES, PSYCHIATRISTS, NEUROLOGISTS, GERIATRICIANS AND GENERAL PRACTITIONERS
    Eratne, D ; Lewis, C ; Cadwallader, C ; Kang, M ; Keem, M ; Santillo, A ; Li, QX ; Stehmann, C ; Loi, SM ; Walterfang, M ; Watson, R ; Yassi, N ; Blennow, K ; Zetterberg, H ; Janelidze, S ; Hansson, O ; Berry-Kravitz, E ; Brodtmann, A ; Darby, D ; Walker, A ; Dean, O ; Masters, CL ; Collins, S ; Berkovic, SF ; Velakoulis, D (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2022-05)
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    Plasma neurofilament light chain protein is not increased in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and first-degree relatives
    Eratne, D ; Janelidze, S ; Malpas, CB ; Loi, S ; Walterfane, M ; Merritt, A ; Diouf, I ; Blennow, K ; Zetterberg, H ; Cilia, B ; Warman, C ; Bousman, C ; Everall, I ; Zalesky, A ; Jayaram, M ; Thomas, N ; Berkovic, SF ; Hansson, O ; Velakoulis, D ; Pantelis, C ; Santillo, A (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2022-10)
    OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, is often associated with cognitive, neurological and neuroimaging abnormalities. The processes underlying these abnormalities, and whether a subset of people with schizophrenia have a neuroprogressive or neurodegenerative component to schizophrenia, remain largely unknown. Examining fluid biomarkers of diverse types of neuronal damage could increase our understanding of these processes, as well as potentially provide clinically useful biomarkers, for example with assisting with differentiation from progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and frontotemporal dementias. METHODS: This study measured plasma neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) using ultrasensitive Simoa technology, to investigate the degree of neuronal injury in a well-characterised cohort of people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia on clozapine (n = 82), compared to first-degree relatives (an at-risk group, n = 37), people with schizophrenia not treated with clozapine (n = 13), and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 59). RESULTS: We found no differences in NfL levels between treatment-resistant schizophrenia (mean NfL, M = 6.3 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: [5.5, 7.2]), first-degree relatives (siblings, M = 6.7 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: [5.2, 8.2]; parents, M after adjusting for age = 6.7 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: [4.7, 8.8]), controls (M = 5.8 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: [5.3, 6.3]) and not treated with clozapine (M = 4.9 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: [4.0, 5.8]). Exploratory, hypothesis-generating analyses found weak correlations in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, between NfL and clozapine levels (Spearman's r = 0.258, 95% confidence interval: [0.034, 0.457]), dyslipidaemia (r = 0.280, 95% confidence interval: [0.064, 0.470]) and a negative correlation with weight (r = -0.305, 95% confidence interval: [-0.504, -0.076]). CONCLUSION: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia does not appear to be associated with neuronal, particularly axonal degeneration. Further studies are warranted to investigate the utility of NfL to differentiate treatment-resistant schizophrenia from neurodegenerative disorders such as behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, and to explore NfL in other stages of schizophrenia such as the prodome and first episode.
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    Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain differentiates behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia progressors from non-progressors
    Eratne, D ; Keem, M ; Lewis, C ; Kang, M ; Walterfang, M ; Farrand, S ; Loi, S ; Kelso, W ; Cadwallader, C ; Berkovic, SF ; Li, Q-X ; Masters, CL ; Collins, S ; Santillo, A ; Velakoulis, D (ELSEVIER, 2022-11-15)
    BACKGROUND: Distinguishing behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) from non-neurodegenerative 'non-progressor' mimics of frontal lobe dysfunction, can be one of the most challenging clinical dilemmas. A biomarker of neuronal injury, neurofilament light chain (NfL), could reduce misdiagnosis and delay. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL, amyloid beta 1-42 (AB42), total and phosphorylated tau (T-tau, P-tau) levels were examined in patients with an initial diagnosis of bvFTD. Based on follow-up information, patients were categorised as Progressors or Non-Progressors: further subtyped into Non-Progressor Revised (non-neurological/neurodegenerative final diagnosis), and Non-Progressor Static (static deficits, not fully explained by non-neurological/neurodegenerative causes). RESULTS: Forty-three patients were included: 20 Progressors, 23 Non-Progressors (15 Non-Progressor Revised, 8 Non-Progressor Static), and 20 controls. NfL concentrations were lower in Non-Progressors (Non-Progressors Mean, M = 554 pg/mL, 95%CI:[461, 675], Non-Progressor Revised M = 459 pg/mL, 95%CI:[385, 539], and Non-Progressor Static M = 730 pg/mL, 95%CI:[516, 940]), compared to Progressors (M = 2397 pg/mL, 95%CI:[1607, 3332]). NfL distinguished Progressors from Non-Progressors with the highest accuracy (area under the curve 0.92, 90%/87% sensitivity/specificity, 86%/91% positive/negative predictive value, 88% accuracy). Non-Progressor Static tended to have higher T-tau and P-tau levels compared to Non-Progressor Revised Diagnoses. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated strong diagnostic utility of CSF NfL to distinguish bvFTD from non-progressor variants, at baseline, with high accuracy, in a real-world clinical setting. This has important clinical implications, to improve outcomes for patients and clinicians facing this challenging clinical dilemma, healthcare services, and clinical trials. Further research is required to investigate heterogeneity within the non-progressor group and potential diagnostic algorithms, and prospective studies are underway assessing plasma NfL.
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    Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain differentiates primary psychiatric disorders from rapidly progressive, Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal disorders in clinical settings
    Eratne, D ; Loi, SM ; Qiao-Xin, L ; Stehmann, C ; Malpas, CB ; Santillo, A ; Janelidze, S ; Cadwallader, C ; Walia, N ; Ney, B ; Lewis, V ; Senesi, M ; Fowler, C ; McGlade, A ; Varghese, S ; Ravanfar, P ; Kelso, W ; Farrand, S ; Keem, M ; Kang, M ; Goh, AMY ; Dhiman, K ; Gupta, V ; Watson, R ; Yassi, N ; Kaylor-Hughes, C ; Kanaan, R ; Perucca, P ; Dobson, H ; Vivash, L ; Ali, R ; O'Brien, TJ ; Hansson, O ; Zetterberg, H ; Blennow, K ; Walterfang, M ; Masters, CL ; Berkovic, SF ; Collins, S ; Velakoulis, D (WILEY, 2022-11)
    INTRODUCTION: Many patients with cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms face diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis. We investigated whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) and total-tau (t-tau) could assist in the clinical scenario of differentiating neurodegenerative (ND) from psychiatric disorders (PSY), and rapidly progressive disorders. METHODS: Biomarkers were examined in patients from specialist services (ND and PSY) and a national Creutzfeldt-Jakob registry (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [CJD] and rapidly progressive dementias/atypically rapid variants of common ND, RapidND). RESULTS: A total of 498 participants were included: 197 ND, 67 PSY, 161 CJD, 48 RapidND, and 20 controls. NfL was elevated in ND compared to PSY and controls, with highest levels in CJD and RapidND. NfL distinguished ND from PSY with 95%/78% positive/negative predictive value, 92%/87% sensitivity/specificity, 91% accuracy. NfL outperformed t-tau in most real-life clinical diagnostic dilemma scenarios, except distinguishing CJD from RapidND. DISCUSSION: We demonstrated strong generalizable evidence for the diagnostic utility of CSF NfL in differentiating ND from psychiatric disorders, with high accuracy.