Medicine (Austin & Northern Health) - Research Publications
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ItemThe Association Between Sarcopenia and Functional Improvement in Older and Younger Patients Who Completed Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Prospective Cohort Study(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2021-10-21)Objective: To investigate the association between sarcopenia and functional improvement in patients older and younger than 65 years upon completion of an inpatient rehabilitation program. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: Adult consecutive patients who completed the inpatient rehabilitation program at a metropolitan tertiary referral hospital general inpatient rehabilitation unit. Methods: Sarcopenia status was determined using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 algorithm, using muscle mass measured by BioImpedance Analysis and grip strength. Progress in rehabilitation was measured using change in the Functional Independence Measure and Goal Attainment Scaling score. To investigate the age group by sarcopenia status interaction we used quantile regression models with bootstrapped standard error estimation for functional improvement and linear regression model with robust standard error estimation for GAS score. Results: 257 participants [128 (50%) male, median age 63 years (IQR: 52-72)], 33(13%) with sarcopenia, completed inpatient rehabilitation [median length of stay 16 days (IQR: 11-27.5)]. Participants' median Functional Independence Measure change was 24 (IQR 15-33.5) and mean total Goal Attainment Scaling score was 57.6 (SD 10.2). Adjusting for admission Functional Independence Measure score, the median difference in Functional Independence Measure change between participants with and without sarcopenia was: -4.3 (95% CI: -10.6, 1.9); p = 0.17 in participants 65 years and younger, and 4.6 (95% CI: 1.0, 8.2); p = 0.01 in participants older than 65; age-by-sarcopenia interaction p = 0.02. Conclusions: Unlike younger people, older people with sarcopenia have greater functional improvement in inpatient rehabilitation than those without sarcopenia.
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ItemEvaluation of the diagnostic performance of the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation in people with diabetes: A systematic review(WILEY, 2021-01)AIMS: GFR estimated with the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPICr ) equation is used to screen for diabetic kidney disease and assess its severity. We systematically reviewed the process and outcome of evaluating CKD-EPICr in estimating point GFR or GFR decline over time in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this systematic review, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to August 2019. Observational studies comparing CKD-EPICr with measured GFR (mGFR) in adults with diabetes were included. Studies on people with kidney transplant, non-diabetes related kidney disease, pregnancy, potential kidney donors, and those with critical or other systematic illnesses were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted data from published papers and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Risk-of-bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018108776). RESULTS: From the 2820 records identified, 29 studies (14 704 participants) were included. All studies were at risk of bias. Bias (eight different forms) ranged from -26 to 35 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 ; precision (five different forms) ranged between 9 and 63 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 ; accuracy (five different forms) ranged between 16% and 96%; the correlation coefficient between CKD-EPICr and mGFR (four different forms) ranged between 0.38 and 0.86; and the reduced major axis regression slope ranged between 0.8 and 1.8. CONCLUSIONS: Qualitative synthesis of data suggested CKD-EPICr was inaccurate in estimating point GFR or GFR decline over time. Furthermore, a lack of consistency in the methods and processes of evaluating the diagnostic performance of CKD-EPICr limits reliable quantitative assessment. The equation needs to be improved in adults with diabetes.
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ItemThe prevalence of sarcopenia in middle‐aged and older patients in post‐acute inpatient rehabilitation: a cross‐sectional study(Wiley, 2021-01)Abstract Background Despite the recommendation of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) consensus statement not to exclude patients younger than 65 years, the prevalence of sarcopenia has not been investigated in younger post‐acute inpatient rehabilitation population. The objectives of this study were to: estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in post‐acute inpatient rehabilitation population; compare the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients above and below 65 years. Methods This cross‐sectional observational study recruited adult patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit at a metropolitan tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants' sarcopenia status was determined using the EWGSOP2 algorithm based on grip strength and muscle mass. Results Between November 2016 and January 2019, 203 participants were enrolled. Participants' broad diagnostic streams included musculoskeletal, neurologic, spinal, cardiac, amputee, and deconditioning. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 18% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13% to 24%]. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients younger than 65 was 14% (95% CI 8% to 22%), and the prevalence in patients 65 and older was 23% (95% CI 15% to 32%), risk difference of 9% (95% CI: −1.2% to 20%; P = 0.1). With incorporation of these results into the most recent meta‐analysis of sarcopenia in inpatient rehabilitation, the mean pooled prevalence of sarcopenia was 47% (95% CI 23% to 71%). Stratified by age, patients with sarcopenia had significantly longer preceding length of stay in the acute hospital (P = 0.015). Conclusions The overall estimated prevalence of sarcopenia in patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation was 18%, and the estimated prevalence of sarcopenia in patients younger than 65 was 14%.