Resource Management and Geography - Research Publications

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    Waiting for the Esquimo: an historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh
    Whyte, Brendan R. ( 2002)
    Enclaves are defined as a fragment of one country totally surrounded by one other. A list of the world’s current enclaves and a review of the literature about them reveals a geographical bias that has left enclaves outside western Europe almost untouched. This bias is particularly noticeable in the almost complete absence of information on the Cooch Behar enclaves, along Bangladesh’s northern border with India. The Cooch Behar enclaves number almost 200. This total includes about two dozen counter-enclaves (enclaves within enclaves), and the world’s only counter-counter-enclave. Together, these enclaves represent 80% of the total number of enclaves existing in the world since the 1950s, and have been at the centre of Indo-East Pakistani and then Indo-Bangladeshi boundary disputes since Cooch Behar acceded to India in 1949. (For complete abstract open document)
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    "En territoire belge et à quarante centimètres de la frontière": an historical and documentary study of the Belgian and Dutch enclaves of Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau
    Whyte, Brendan R. (The School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies, The University of Melbourne, 2004)
    Enclaves are defined as a fragment of one country totally surrounded by one other country. Currently, 259 enclaves exist in the world, all in Europe and Asia. Thirty of these enclaves, twenty-two Belgian and eight Dutch, cluster in and around a single village in the southern Netherlands, which is thus divided into the Belgian commune of Baarle-Hertog and the Dutch commune of Baarle-Nassau. The 800-year long history of these enclaves is presented for the first time in English, detailing their origin c.1198, and explaining their survival despite numerous European wars and boundary changes. A description of the situation in the enclaves today is also given, together with the effect of the enclaves on everyday life and administration in the village. A large number of maps and photographs illustrate the paper, including a series of maps depicting every one of the 959 turning points of the boundaries of the 30 enclaves, showing all buildings and properties bisected by this most unusual boundary.