Computing and Information Systems - Research Publications
Permanent URI for this collection
Search Results
1 - 10 of 228
-
ItemTowards a semantic lexicon for biological language processing(HINDAWI LTD, 2005)This paper explores the use of the resources in the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) for the construction of a lexicon useful for processing texts in the field of molecular biology. A lexicon is constructed from overlapping terms in the UMLS SPECIALIST lexicon and the UMLS Metathesaurus to obtain both morphosyntactic and semantic information for terms, and the coverage of a domain corpus is assessed. Over 77% of tokens in the domain corpus are found in the constructed lexicon, validating the lexicon's coverage of the most frequent terms in the domain and indicating that the constructed lexicon is potentially an important resource for biological text processing.
-
ItemProtein annotation as term categorization in the gene ontology using word proximity networks(BMC, 2005-05-24)BACKGROUND: We participated in the BioCreAtIvE Task 2, which addressed the annotation of proteins into the Gene Ontology (GO) based on the text of a given document and the selection of evidence text from the document justifying that annotation. We approached the task utilizing several combinations of two distinct methods: an unsupervised algorithm for expanding words associated with GO nodes, and an annotation methodology which treats annotation as categorization of terms from a protein's document neighborhood into the GO. RESULTS: The evaluation results indicate that the method for expanding words associated with GO nodes is quite powerful; we were able to successfully select appropriate evidence text for a given annotation in 38% of Task 2.1 queries by building on this method. The term categorization methodology achieved a precision of 16% for annotation within the correct extended family in Task 2.2, though we show through subsequent analysis that this can be improved with a different parameter setting. Our architecture proved not to be very successful on the evidence text component of the task, in the configuration used to generate the submitted results. CONCLUSION: The initial results show promise for both of the methods we explored, and we are planning to integrate the methods more closely to achieve better results overall.
-
ItemData-poor categorization and passage retrieval for gene ontology annotation in Swiss-Prot(BMC, 2005-05-24)BACKGROUND: In the context of the BioCreative competition, where training data were very sparse, we investigated two complementary tasks: 1) given a Swiss-Prot triplet, containing a protein, a GO (Gene Ontology) term and a relevant article, extraction of a short passage that justifies the GO category assignment; 2) given a Swiss-Prot pair, containing a protein and a relevant article, automatic assignment of a set of categories. METHODS: Sentence is the basic retrieval unit. Our classifier computes a distance between each sentence and the GO category provided with the Swiss-Prot entry. The Text Categorizer computes a distance between each GO term and the text of the article. Evaluations are reported both based on annotator judgements as established by the competition and based on mean average precision measures computed using a curated sample of Swiss-Prot. RESULTS: Our system achieved the best recall and precision combination both for passage retrieval and text categorization as evaluated by official evaluators. However, text categorization results were far below those in other data-poor text categorization experiments The top proposed term is relevant in less that 20% of cases, while categorization with other biomedical controlled vocabulary, such as the Medical Subject Headings, we achieved more than 90% precision. We also observe that the scoring methods used in our experiments, based on the retrieval status value of our engines, exhibits effective confidence estimation capabilities. CONCLUSION: From a comparative perspective, the combination of retrieval and natural language processing methods we designed, achieved very competitive performances. Largely data-independent, our systems were no less effective that data-intensive approaches. These results suggests that the overall strategy could benefit a large class of information extraction tasks, especially when training data are missing. However, from a user perspective, results were disappointing. Further investigations are needed to design applicable end-user text mining tools for biologists.
-
ItemStructuring Documents Efficiently(University of Sydney, 2005)
-
ItemA classification-based framework for learning object assembly(IEEE Computer Society Press, 2005)Relations between learning outcomes and the learning objects which are assembled to facilitate their achievement are the subject of increasingly prevalent investigation, particularly with approaches which advocate the aggregation of learning objects as complex constituencies for achieving learning outcomes. From the perspective of situated learning, we show how the CASE framework imbues learning objects with a closed set of properties which can be classified and aggregated into learning object assemblies in a principled fashion. We argue that the computational and pedagogical tractability of this model provides a new insight into learning object evaluation, and hence learning outcomes.
-
ItemNICTA i2d2 at GeoCLEF 2005( 2005)This paper describes the participation of the Interactive Information Discovery and Delivery (i2d2) project of National ICT Australia (NICTA) in the GeoCLEF track of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum 2005. We present some background information about NICTA i2d2 project to motivate our involvement; describing our systems and experimental interests. We review the design of our runs and the results of our submitted and subsequent experiments; and contribute a range of suggestions for future instantiations of a geospatial information retrieval track within a shared evaluation task framework.
-
ItemTowards a Web search service for minority language communities(State Library of Victoria, 2006)Locating resources of interest on the web in the general case is at best a low precision activity owing to the large number of pages on the web (for example, Google covers more than 8 billion web pages). As language communities (at all points on the spectrum) increasingly self-publish materials on the web, so interested users are beginning to search for them in the same way that they search for general internet resources, using broad coverage search engines with typically simple queries. Given that language resources are in a minority case on the web in general, finding relevant materials for low density or lesser used languages on the web is in general an increasingly inefficient exercise even for experienced searchers. Furthermore, the inconsistent coverage of web content between search engines serves to complicate matters even more. A number of previous research efforts have focused on using web data to create language corpora, mine linguistic data, building language ontologies, create thesaurii etc. The work reported in this paper contrasts with previous research in that it is not specifically oriented towards creation of language resources from web data directly, but rather, increasing the likelihood that end users searching for resources in minority languages will actually find useful results from web searches. Similarly, it differs from earlier work by virtue of its focus on search optimization directly, rather than as a component of a larger process (other researchers use the seed URIs discovered via the mechanism described in this paper in their own varied work). The work here can be seen to contribute to a user-centric agenda for locating language resources for lesser-used languages on the web. (From Introduction)
-
ItemAnti-personnel landmine detection based on GPR and IR imaging: a review( 2006-04)Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and Infrared (IR) camera have become two established sensors for detecting buried anti-personnel mines (APM) which contain no or a little metal. This report reviews the detection techniques of APM using GPR and IR, and describes particular situations where each technique is feasible. We provide an analysis for fusion based detection and classification of APM. We discuss the GPR and IR data acquisition, signal processing and image processing methods. We also include a comparative study of these two sensors with respect to signal processing and target detection procedures. The report discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each of the sensors based on data capturing efficiency, overcoming environmental difficulties and sensor technology. Finally, we emphasize that a geometrical feature based sensor fusion, combining GPR and IR, for detection and classification of APM may be the most effective technique.
-
ItemAn anthological review of research using MontyLingua: a python-based end-to-end text processor(CG Publisher, 2006-12)MontyLingua, an integral part of ConceptNet which is currently the largest commonsense knowledge base, is an English text processor developed using Python programming language in MIT Media Lab. The main feature of MontyLingua is the coverage for all aspects of English text processing from raw input text to semantic meanings and summary generation, yet each component in MontyLingua is loosely-coupled to each other at the architectural and code level, which enabled individual components to be used independently or substituted. However, there has been no review exploring the role of MontyLingua in recent research work utilizing it. This paper aims to review the use of and roles played by MontyLingua and its components in research work published in 19 articles between October 2004 and August 2006. We had observed a diversified use of MontyLingua in many different areas, both generic and domain specific. Although the use of text summarizing component had not been observe, we areoptimistic that it will have a crucial role in managing the current trend of information overload in future research.
-
ItemSearching for language resources on the Web: user behaviour in the Open Language Archives Community(European Language Resources Association, 2006)While much effort is expended in the curation of language resources, such investment is largely irrelevant if users cannot locate resources of interest. The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) was established to define standards for the description of language resources and provide core infrastructure for a virtual digital library, thus addressing the resource discovery issue. In this paper we consider naturalistic user search behaviour in the Open Language Archives Community. Specifically, we have collected the query logs from the OLAC Search Engine over a 2 year period, collecting in excess of 1.2 million queries, in over 450K user search sessions. Subsequently we have mined these to discover user search patterns of various types, all pertaining to the discovery of language resources. A number of interesting observations can be made based on this analysis, in this paper we report on a range of properties and behaviours based on empirical evidence.