Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Theses
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ItemDevelopment of Multispectral Image Sensors by Exploring Nanophotonics( 2020)A multispectral image camera system captures image data within specific wavelength ranges in narrow spectral bands across the electromagnetic spectrum. In the recent years, image sensors integrated with multiple optical filters with narrow spectral width have been widely used for most of the multispectral imaging across multiple applications, such as area imaging, medical detection, object identification, remote sensing and so on. There were two kinds of multispectral imaging system reported before. The first one is multispectral image cameras that combines multiple cameras mounted with optical bandpass filters and optics with different peak wavelengths and their spectral width depends on applications. The second imaging system is a single sensor based multispectral camera that integrates multiple filters (called filter mosaic) on a single image sensor. The existing filter mosaic fabrication technology disclosed so far is using multilayer coating technique and requires highly accurate alignment with micro-lithography facility. Based on this manufacturing process, each filter has to be fabricated separately with multiple steps, such as baking, exposure, development which significantly increases the fabrication complication and cost. This limits the wide use of this promising multispectral imaging in many applications. This thesis investigates the development of new low-cost single sensor based multispectral cameras using different filter mosaic technologies exploring plasmonics, multilayer coating based on heterostructured dielectrics or hybrid metal-dielectric structures. The thesis starts with an introduction, Chapter 1 presenting the filter technologies, simulation techniques and fabrication technologies. This is followed by presenting a novel technique to enhance the transmission efficiency of plasmonic colour filters based on the coaxial hole array in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 demonstrates CMY camera (cyan, magenta and yellow) using subtractive colour mixing. A colour filter mosaic made of metal-dielectric-metal nanorods is developed and then integrated on a MT9P031 CMOS image sensor to demonstrate its performance. In Chapter 4, the multispectral image camera based on a single sensor is developed using a hybrid filter mosaic integrated onto a Sony monochrome image sensor. Moreover, the multispectral imaging algorithm is used to reconstruct a colour image of a 24 - patch Macbeth Chart. Later, this image sensor was integrated with a DJI drone for the area imaging application. Chapter 5 presents new multispectral filter technologies which is polarization and incident angle independent. Lastly, Chapter 6 presents conclusions and discusses the future research directions. Appendix presents an optical bandpass filter mosaic and multispectral camera based on a mass producible filter technology with spectral width of only 17nm in the near IR wavelength and this technology is confidential and licensed as a trade secret to the University of Melbourne. Therefore, only parts of the technology is disclosed in the appendix due to a company formation (PIXsensor).