School of Historical and Philosophical Studies - Research Publications
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ItemWritten on the Body(Princeton University Press, 2000-12-31)
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ItemAccreditation and Standards: Developing a National Strategy(Heritage Collections Committee of the Cultural Ministers Council, 1996-10-01)This working paper examined the link between accreditation and standards at a time when the Federal Government was seeking to develop a strategic method of delivery for the National Conservation Policy for Australia's Movable Cultural Heritage. This Working Paper explored models for professional accreditation and how accreditation supports professional development. This work informed the development of the National Conservation Strategy and was the basis for a four year program in national developments in conservation. It informed SD3 of the National Strategy.
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ItemAttainable and Sustainable: Skills Gap in Conservation in Australia. Produced by the Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material (AICCM) for the Collections Management and Conservation Working Party of the Heritage Collections Council (HCC). 2000(Commonwealth of Australia 2000 on behalf of the Heritage Collections Council, 2000-01-01)The National Conservation and Preservation Strategy for Australia's Heritage Collections recognises skills development as one of the major areas requiring strategic support. Key Strategy SD3 aims to: Facilitate the development of a range of conservation and preservation education opportunities and support the development of professional codes of practice, codes of ethics, accreditation and standards for conservators and collection managers. The action required, which forms the basis for this survey, was: Audit gaps in skills and match of trained conservators in certain fields eg. conservation and preservation of textiles, natural history collections, photography and furniture. In order to better assess this need, and in order to identify individuals who are recognised by the Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material (AICCM) as being accredited conservators, the Collections Management and Conservation Working Party of the Heritage Collections Council (HCC) commissioned the AICCM to undertake a skills gap audit of specialist conservators in Australia. This document goes some way to identifying the issues relating to the auditing of conservation skills in materials conservation in Australia.
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ItemScience in the service of religion and art: analysis of pigments in Middle Eastern Manuscripts(University of Melbourne, 1999)The Middle Eastern Manuscript Collection housed in the Baillieu Library at the University of Melbourne present a rich resource for scholars exploring Middle Eastern book production and the trade of manuscripts between the east and west. This paper explores how Raman analysis can help inform studies of production and trade in Middle Eastern Manuscripts. It also demonstrated the value of Raman analysis as a non-destructive tool in manuscript studies.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableMobility and selection in Scottish university medical education, 1858–1886(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 1996-01)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableAccuracy of prognosis estimates by four palliative care teams: a prospective cohort study.(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2002)BACKGROUND: Prognosis estimates are used to access services, but are often inaccurate. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of giving a prognosis range. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: A prospective cohort study in four multi-professional palliative care teams in England collected data on 275 consecutive cancer referrals who died. Prognosis estimates (minimum - maximum) at referral, patient characteristics, were recorded by staff, and later compared with actual survival. RESULTS: Minimum survival estimates ranged <1 to 364 days, maximum 7 - 686 days. Mean patient survival was 71 days (range 1 - 734). In 42% the estimate was accurate, in 36% it was over optimistic and in 22% over pessimistic. When the minimum estimate was less than 14 days accuracy increased to 70%. Accuracy was related, in multivariate analysis, to palliative care team and (of borderline significance) patient age. CONCLUSIONS: Offering a prognosis range has higher levels of accuracy (about double) than traditional estimates, but is still very often inaccurate, except very close to death. Where possible clinicians should discuss scenarios with patients, rather than giving a prognosis range.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableConsensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients.(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2002-08-12)BACKGROUND: Intensivists must provide enough analgesia and sedation to ensure dying patients receive good palliative care. However, if it is perceived that too much is given, they risk prosecution for committing euthanasia. The goal of this study is to develop consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients that help distinguish palliative care from euthanasia. METHODS: Using the Delphi technique, panelists rated levels of agreement with statements describing how analgesics and sedatives should be given to dying ICU patients and how palliative care should be distinguished from euthanasia. Participants were drawn from 3 panels: 1) Canadian Academic Adult Intensive Care Fellowship program directors and Intensive Care division chiefs (N = 9); 2) Deputy chief provincial coroners (N = 5); 3) Validation panel of Intensivists attending the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group meeting (N = 12). RESULTS: After three Delphi rounds, consensus was achieved on 16 statements encompassing the role of palliative care in the intensive care unit, the management of pain and suffering, current areas of controversy, and ways of improving palliative care in the ICU. CONCLUSION: Consensus guidelines were developed to guide the administration of analgesics and sedatives to dying ICU patients and to help distinguish palliative care from euthanasia.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableWaiting lists for radiation therapy: A case study(BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2001)BACKGROUND: Why waiting lists arise and how to address them remains unclear, and an improved understanding of these waiting list "dynamics" could lead to better management. The purpose of this study is to understand how the current shortage in radiation therapy in Ontario developed; the implications of prolonged waits; who is held accountable for managing such delays; and short, intermediate, and long-term solutions. METHODS: A case study of the radiation therapy shortage in 1998-99 at Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Relevant documents were collected; semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with ten administrators, health care workers, and patients were conducted, audio-taped and transcribed; and relevant meetings were observed. RESULTS: The radiation therapy shortage arose from a complex interplay of factors including: rising cancer incidence rates; broadening indications for radiation therapy; human resources management issues; government funding decisions; and responsiveness to previous planning recommendations. Implications of delays include poorer cancer control rates; patient suffering; and strained doctor-patient relationships. An incompatible relationship exists between moral responsibility, borne by government, and legal liability, borne by physicians. Short-term solutions include re-referral to centers with available resources; long-term solutions include training and recruiting health care workers, improving workload standards, increasing compensation, and making changes to the funding formula. CONCLUSION: Human resource planning plays a critical role in the causes and solutions of waiting lists. Waiting lists have harsh implications for patients. Accountability relationships require realignment.
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ItemNo Preview AvailablePriority setting for new technologies in medicine: A transdisciplinary study(BMC, 2002-07-18)BACKGROUND: Decision makers in health care organizations struggle with how to set priorities for new technologies in medicine. Traditional approaches to priority setting for new technologies in medicine are insufficient and there is no widely accepted model that can guide decision makers. DISCUSSION: Daniels and Sabin have developed an ethically based account about how priority setting decisions should be made. We have developed an empirically based account of how priority setting decisions are made. In this paper, we integrate these two accounts into a transdisciplinary model of priority setting for new technologies in medicine that is both ethically and empirically based. SUMMARY: We have developed a transdisciplinary model of priority setting that provides guidance to decision makers that they can operationalize to help address priority setting problems in their institution.