School of Historical and Philosophical Studies - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailableCluster randomisation or randomised consent as an appropriate methodology for trials in palliative care: a feasibility study [ISRCTN60243484].(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2004-04-27)BACKGROUND: Although guidelines for the care of the dying patient exist the evidence base to support the guidelines is poor. Some of the factors contributing to this include failure to recruit to trials, protective healthcare professionals and subsequent attrition from trials due to the death of the patients. Recent studies report favourably on the use of cluster randomisation as an appropriate methodology for use in this patient group. METHODS/DESIGN: A feasibility study, exploring two types of randomisation as appropriate methodology for trials involving dying patients. Cluster randomisation and randomised consent will be utilised following a crossover design at two sites, one oncology ward and one Macmillan unit within the Northwest Wales NHS Trust. All patients commencing on the Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) for the Last Days of Life will be eligible for inclusion in the study. Using the hypothesis that it is not necessary to prescribe an anti-emetic medication when setting up a syringe driver for the dying patient, the study will evaluate different models of research methodology. DISCUSSION: The identification of the most appropriate methodology for use in studies concerning this patient group will inform the development of future clinical studies. Furthermore, the outcomes of this feasibility study will inform the development, of a proposal seeking funding for Wales-wide trials in palliative care. The identification of an appropriate methodology will provide a starting point for the establishment of a robust evidence base for the care of the dying patient.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableHealth biotechnology in China -: reawakening of a giant(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2004-12)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableConclusions:: promoting biotechnology innovation in developing countries(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2004-12)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableInterdisciplinary research: putting the methods under the microscope.(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2003-10-19)BACKGROUND: While the desirability of interdisciplinary inquiry has been widely acknowledged, indeed has become 'the mantra of science policy', the methods of interdisciplinary collaboration are opaque to outsiders and generally remain undescribed. DISCUSSION: Many have analysed interdisciplinarity, especially in relation to the creation of new disciplines and institutions. These analyses are briefly outlined. Still, there currently persists a silence about the methods of interdisciplinary collaboration itself, and the core of this paper proposes a template for such methods. SUMMARY: Breaking this silence--by making the methods of interdisciplinary projects transparent--could further invigorate interdisciplinary research.
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ItemStrengthening the role of genomics in global health(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2004-12)How genomics and related health biotechnologies can improve the health of the poor and contribute towards meeting the Millenium Development Goals
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ItemSetting priorities in health care organizations: criteria, processes, and parameters of success(BMC, 2004-09-08)BACKGROUND: Hospitals and regional health authorities must set priorities in the face of resource constraints. Decision-makers seek practical ways to set priorities fairly in strategic planning, but find limited guidance from the literature. Very little has been reported from the perspective of Board members and senior managers about what criteria, processes and parameters of success they would use to set priorities fairly. DISCUSSION: We facilitated workshops for board members and senior leadership at three health care organizations to assist them in developing a strategy for fair priority setting. Workshop participants identified 8 priority setting criteria, 10 key priority setting process elements, and 6 parameters of success that they would use to set priorities in their organizations. Decision-makers in other organizations can draw lessons from these findings to enhance the fairness of their priority setting decision-making. SUMMARY: Lessons learned in three workshops fill an important gap in the literature about what criteria, processes, and parameters of success Board members and senior managers would use to set priorities fairly.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableOne world: The ethics of globalization(Yale University Press, 2004-12-01)The book encompasses four main global issues: climate change, the role of the World Trade Organization, human rights and humanitarian intervention, and foreign aid. Singer addresses each vital issue from an ethical perspective and offers alternatives to the state-centric approach that characterizes international theory and relations today. On climate change, for example, he sees the ethical issue as one that concerns a common global resource - the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb waste gases. How much of this resource should developed notions appropriate, and how much should be left for developing nations? Regarding the WTO, Singer asks whether the organization allows free trade to override all other values, and he assesses the evidence for and against the view that globalization helps the poor. In his consideration of human rights, the author asks to what extent we can develop global laws protecting human rights and what the criteria for intervention should be when these rights are violated. Finally, Singer addresses the obligations of the world's rich nations to assist the poor nations. © 2002 by Peter Singer. All rights reserved.
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ItemYou have to be pleasing and coperative: Australia's vision splendid for post-WWII migrants(University of Melbourne Postgraduate Association, 2004)
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ItemA survey of modern pollen and vegetation along an altitudinal transect in southern Georgia, Caucasus region(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2004)This paper describes the pollen representation of vegetation patterns along an altitudinal transect in the South Caucasus region. Surface sediments from eight small- to medium-sized lakes and wetlands were analysed for modern pollen, and the results analysed numerically using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and dichotomised ordination (TWINSPAN). Pollen spectra from the semidesert region have a clear palynological signal characterised by an abundance of Chenopodiaceae. Differentiation of oak forest, upper tree-line and subalpine communities is more difficult: all are dominated by arboreal pollen (AP) types. The authors propose a number of indicator pollen types and pollen threshold values that may assist in detecting tree-line variations and deforestation events in Holocene pollen diagrams.
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ItemPiranesi, Juvarra, and the triumphal bridge tradition( 2003)This article examines the idea of the triumphal bridge from the Renaissance to Piranesi, by way of Flavio Biondo, Onofrio Panvinio, Pirro Ligorio, Nicolas Poussin, Fischer von Erlach, and Filippo Juvarra, in order to explore attitudes toward the reception and representation of ancient architecture. It shows how the eighteenth-century theme of the "magnificent (triumphal) bridge" had its roots in topographical inquiry and examines the contribution that Piranesi's interest in the archaeological problem of the triumphal bridge made to the creative process that resulted in the "Ichnographia", the large map of the ancient Campus Martius in his 1762 "Campo Marzio".